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[Martian]

Greater China's Innovations Are Showing Results

The 50 Most Innovative Companies - BusinessWeek

"The 50 Most Innovative Companies April 15, 2010, 5:00PM EST

The 50 Most Innovative Companies
For the first time since Bloomberg BusinessWeek began its annual Most Innovative Companies ranking in 2005, the majority of corporations in the Top 25 are based outside the U.S. The reason: the new global leaders coming out of Asia
...
The extended Top 50 list is dominated by companies from Europe, Asia, and, in another first, South America (Petrobrás (PBR) of Brazil at No. 41). China's rise is biggest. A year ago its only representative was PC-maker Lenovo Group (LNVGY), at 46. This year Greater China is tied with Asia's postwar powerhouse, Japan, thanks to showings by BYD, Haier Electronics (27), Lenovo (29), China Mobile (CHL) (44), and Taiwan-based HTC (47). The age of Asian innovation has begun."

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China's first domestically made large hydro-power generators with a capacity of more than 1 million kW will go into service before 2020, said Cheng Yongquan, deputy general engineer of the China Three Gorges Corporation.

Cheng told Xinhua Wednesday that the key technology research would be completed by the end of this year.

The generators would be put into use at the Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations, on Jinsha River, which constitutes part of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, he said.

The total capacity of the two hydropower stations would be 20 million kW and they were expected to start operating before 2020, he said.

Cheng said research showed that installing a larger scale generator would bring better social and economic benefits.

The 1-million-kW hydro-power generating unit was the largest in the world, Cheng said. The largest existing unit in China was 700,000 kW in capacity.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010...ent_9787773.htm

In 2009, China pumped 701.3 billion yuan (102.7 billion U.S. dollars) of fixed-asset investments into railways, an increase pf 69.1 percent, or 286.6 billion yuan, compared with the previous year. Investment in high-speed passenger rail lines and intercity railway lines were close to 300 billion yuan, accounting for almost 60 percent of investment for all launched projects, according to the report released yesterday by China's Ministry of Railway (MOR).

Investment in infrastructure construction in 2009 accounted for 80.3 percent of the overall investment in railway networks in the ninth and 10th Five-Year Plans, hitting a record high. Railway investment was 623.2 billion yuan, up 73 percent; new railway lines, double-track lines and electrified railways reached 5,557.3 kilometers, 4,128.8 kilometers and 8,448.3 kilometers, respectively, or up 2.2 times, 1.1 times and 3.3 times year-on-year, all hitting a record high. Around 5,461.4 kilometers of new railway lines and 4,063.2 kilometers of double-track lines were completed in 2009, increasing 94.5 percent and 83.8 percent year-on-year, respectively.

The report showed that traffic on China's passenger and freight-services railways both increased in 2009. Passenger traffic reached 1.52 billion, up by 4.4 percent year-on-year; freight traffic hit 3.33 billion tons, increasing by 0.8 percent.

In 2009, nationwide railway freight traffic amounted to 3.33 billion tons, up 61.01 million tons year-on-year, surging 1.9 percent. China's freight turnover volume increased by 0.5 percent, or 13.29 billion ton-kilometers, to 2.52 trillion ton-kilometers.

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/90860/6965110.html

China Railway Group Ltd. said Monday its 2009 profit rocketed 517.6 percent from a year earlier to 6.89 billion yuan (1 billion U.S. dollars) on the global economic recovery.

In its annual report filed Monday night to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, China Railway, the country's largest rail-builder by market value, said the company signed 601.8 billion yuan (88.11 billion U.S. dollars) in contracts in 2009, up 40.5 percent year on year.

For 2009, the Shanghai- and Hong Kong-listed company realized an operating revenue of 345.97 billion yuan (50.65 billion U.S. dollars) with profits attributable to equity shareholders totaling 6.887 billion yuan (1 billion U.S. dollars), an upsurge of 517.6 percent from 2008 when the world economy was in the middle of global financial crisis.

Infrastructure construction contributed 542 billion yuan (79.35 billion U.S. dollars) to the company's total revenues, leaping 41.3 percent from a year ago.

Survey and design, engineering equipment and parts manufacturing, real estate development and mining made up the rest of the company's revenue growth last year, according to its annual report.

"We achieved this extraordinary results as China's economy stabilized amid the global recovery last year," Shi Dahua, chairman of China Railway Group Ltd., said in the report.

For the year 2010, Shi believed China's domestic economy will continue to stabilize and further recover with the sustained and proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.

Infrastructure construction investment in railway, highway, public works projects and inter-city rail transit will remain relatively high, he said, which will create a "sound external conditions" for business growth this year.

Investors' views of China Railway Group Ltd. diverged in Shanghai and Hong Kong Monday. The company's yuan-denominated A-shares dipped 0.55 percent to 5.38 yuan on the Shanghai Stock Exchange while its Hong Kong dollar-denominated H-shares gained 2.37 percent to 5.62 HK dollars in Hong Kong.

http://english.cri.cn/6826/2010/04/27/1781s565703.htm

China is bidding for a chance to bring its high-speed railway technology and equipment to California and other places in the United States, said an official with the Ministry of Railways.

The New York Times reported that, about 150 years after American railroads brought in thousands of Chinese laborers to build rail lines across the West, China is poised to play a role in American rail construction, again.

The report said a cooperation agreement deal with the State of California and General Electric has been reached. The agreements, though preliminary, show China's desire to become a big exporter and licensor of bullet trains that travels more than 300 kilometers an hour.

Currently, China has several such high-speed routes already in operation, including Beijing-Tianjin, Guangzhou-Wuhai, Xi'an-Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan. The Beijing-Shanghai line will be open to business later in 2011, shortening the travel between the two most important cities to four hours from 10.

"We are the most advanced in many fields, and we are willing to share with the United States," Zheng Jian, the chief planner and director of high-speed rail at China's railway ministry, told The New York Times in a recent interview.

Californian Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has closely followed progress in the discussions with China and hopes to come to Beijing later this year for talks with rail ministry officials, said David Crane, the governor's special adviser for jobs and economic growth, and a board member of the California High Speed Rail Authority.

China is offering not just to build a railroad in California but also to help finance its construction, Crane said.

However, China is not the only country interested in exporting high-speed rail equipment to the United States. Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy have also approached California's High Speed Rail Authority, the report added.

The agency has made no decisions on whose technology to choose. But Crane said that there were no apparent weaknesses in the Chinese offer, and that Governor Schwarzenegger particularly wanted to visit China this year for high-speed rail discussions.

General Electric has estimated that the United States will spend $13 billion in the next five years on high-speed rail routes. China, with a much more ambitious infrastructure program, will spend $300 billion in the next three years to vigorously expand its rail routes, mainly high-speed routes.

For the American market, Zheng, the railway ministry official, told The New York Times , "we can provide whatever services are needed."

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...83/6945663.html

[jhl]

The international community has highly commended the Chinese government for its quick and efficient relief efforts after last week's earthquake in the northwestern province of Qinghai.

Many foreign leaders and media outlets also showed solidarity with the Chinese people and hoped the affected people will overcome difficulties and rebuild their homes as soon as possible.

Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni, on behalf of his nation, expressed sympathy for the earthquake victims and sent condolences to their families and other people affected by the disaster. He said he highly appreciated the efforts of Chinese President Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao and other leaders in leading the disaster relief work. The king also spoke highly of the ongoing relief work in the quake zone.

Tanzanian Prime Minister Peter Mizengo Pinda sent condolences to the Chinese government and the Chinese people, and praised China's quick response to the disaster.

He said he was impressed by President Hu and Premier Wen, who stood together with the Chinese people at such a critical moment and traveled to the quake-stricken areas to direct disaster relief work.

New Zealand's Foreign Minister Murray McCully said in a statement that China has a very good disaster emergency response mechanism. Although the earthquake took place in a remote mountainous region, the Chinese government managed to conduct relief work quickly.

He announced that his country will provide humanitarian aid worth some 280,000 U.S. dollars through the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

In an article entitled "Never give up," the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun said although 72 hours have passed since the earthquake struck and the best opportunity for finding any survivors has gone, Chinese rescue workers were still making full efforts in their search and rescue work.

The article praised Chinese leaders' quick response to the disaster. President Hu cut short his foreign trip and returned home to direct relief work, and Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, also shortened his visit and returned home, it mentioned.

Another Japanese newspaper, the Yomiuri Shimbun, commended the Chinese government for its quick and efficient response to the quake, especially in giving out relief supplies to the residents in the affected areas.

It also quoted Premier Wen as saying in the quake zone that the top priority is saving lives. "Even when there is only the slightest hope, we will do our best, and we will never give up," Wen said.

The Wall Street Journal spoke highly of the Chinese leaders' personal participation in the quick relief work. President Hu cut short his trip in Latin America and flew to the quake zone on Sunday to give instructions to the relief work, it said.

Locals said President Hu and Premier Wen's visits to the quake area calmed the local residents and boosted their morale, the paper said.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13259690.htm

It is no longer a dream to have a personal computer with 1 trillion calculations per second. China's first teraflop computer, based on Godson 3A processors, has been successfully developed by University of Science & Technology of China (USTC) recently.

The KD-60 super computer, jointly developed by the USTC and Shenzhen University, was approved by experts in April 17. It is China's first teraflop computer using a Chinese-made high-performance general-purpose processor.

The size of a washing machine, the super computer is equipped with 80 Godson 3A processors and it is a capable of 1 trillion calculations per second when operating at peak speed.

Experts said the successful development of the KD-60 is another important step toward super computer individualization.

http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90881/6958834.html

http://tech.sina.com.cn/b/2010-04-23/06301327500_4.shtml

ZTE Corporation, China's giant telecom equipment producer, said on Thursday its profit surged 48 percent in 2009 as the company rose to be the nation's biggest 3G telecommunications equipment maker last year.

Profit jumped to 2.46 billion yuan (361 million U.S. dollars). Sales revenue was 60.27 billion yuan, an increase of 36 percent from 2008, the company said in its annual report posted on its website.

Earnings per share is 1.40 yuan.

The figures are calculated based on Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standard.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13243161.htm

China's fiscal revenue increased 34 percent year-on-year to 1.96 trillion yuan ($287.8 billion) in the first quarter of this year, due to factors such as increasing tax revenue in the continuing economic recovery, the Ministry of Finance said Thursday.

In March alone, China realized 602.3 billion yuan in fiscal revenue, up 36.8 percent from the same period last year.

The central government's fiscal revenue in the first quarter topped 992.8 billion yuan, up 37.6 percent year-on-year; local governments' fiscal revenue was 969.9 billion yuan, up 30.6 percent.

Finance expenditure in the first quarter was 1.43 trillion yuan, up 11.9 percent year-on-year. The figure for the central government was 281.8 billion yuan, up 15.1 percent year-on-year; and for local governments, 1.15 trillion yuan, up 11.1 percent year-on-year.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-04...ent_9736079.htm

[jhl]

The efforts made by China on its course of development has made it a successful example for other emerging countries, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's chief said to Xinhua in an exclusive interview here on Tuesday, four days before her trip to China and the Shanghai Expo.

The UNESCO Director General Irina Bokova will pay a working visit to Shanghai and Beijing from May 16, during which she will have a two-day stop for the Shanghai Expo, which has opened doors to the public on May 1.

"We've seen the efforts of China, which are spectacular in all areas of development ... it also shows that with political will, with the efforts of an entire people to focus on development, it is possible to overcome certain difficulties," she said.

She praised China's "very impressive" development and said China should also share its experience with other developing countries because it "is a good example that can bring millions of people out of poverty by adapting to a globalized world."

Additionally, she encouraged China to engage more into UNESCO affairs in Africa and in Asia on educational domain.

As to the Shanghai Expo, the UNESCO has set up its own pavilion at the Expo site and Bokova herself has personally planned diversified activities, lectures and conversations at the pavilion to provide platforms for idea exchanges with Chinese people and foreign visitors, the veteran diplomat told Xinhua.

The Shanghai World Expo "gives an opportunity for all countries and all organizations to make a sort of communication on their values and their activities," she said, seeing it "a great event for China and for the entire international community."

Bokova is expected to launch a UN report on cultural diversity at the UNESCO pavilion, which is specially designed to focus on material and immaterial cultural heritages, education issues and scientific topics including climate change, water management and etc.

She spoke highly of the great effort made by the Chinese authorities to organize the World Expo in Shanghai.

"I know that the 'motto' of this exhibition is about urban ( Better City, Better Life). We already know that 60 percent of the world population live in cities, the figure rises almost all the time. Some projections say that in fifty years there will be 80 percent of the world population live in cities," she indicated.

According to the director general, the UNESCO is seeking answers through its experiences to some difficult issues that are associated with globalization and interconnectability of the world in the fields of culture, science and especially the education.

She underlined that education and personnel training was the key factor to make a nation "competitive" and have "sustainable development."

At last, the UNESCO chief issued a friendly message to China and Chinese people, saying China is a very old nation "with ancient roots very deep into all the culture of humans" and it meanwhile "shows the dynamism and creativity, which are examples for all the world."

"I think China has proved that there are no limits, there is no problem that can not be overcome," she concluded.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13288804.htm

The 2010 Shanghai World Expo opened on Friday night, attracting the attention of the world and international participation and earning heartfelt congratulations.

Some 20 world leaders attended the opening ceremony and toured the Expo, including French President Nicolas Sarkozy and South Korean President Lee Myung Bak.

Chinese President Hu Jintao met Prime Minister of the Netherlands Jan Peter Balkenende in Shanghai Saturday.

Balkenende spoke highly of the opening ceremony and fireworks and said he was impressed deeply by the China National Pavilion and Sichuan Pavilion he visited Saturday morning.

While meeting European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso in Shanghai Saturday, President Hu thanked the EU for its participation in the Shanghai World Expo, the organization's first presence at a World Expo held outside the EU countries.

Barroso said the ceremony was a great event that showcased a modern China and a China that was much respected.

He also said the Expo would be conducive to a stronger common understanding between China and the EU.

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a statement Friday, saying he expected the Canada Pavilion would show Canada as a modern, democratic and pluralistic country.

"The Expo itself will provide us with an opportunity to build stronger economic, diplomatic and cultural ties with China as we showcase our country, our arts and culture, and our values," he said.

Expecting millions of visitors from around the world over the next six months, he said: "Let us seize this opportunity to promote our country and build closer ties with our trading partners."

Rafal Baniak, undersecretary of state in Poland's ministry of economy, said Saturday at a ceremony at the Shanghai Expo to open his country's pavilion that the Polish people wanted to give the world a better understanding of Poland's economic development through the Expo.

He added that Poland wished to foster closer economic ties with China.

Chairman and CEO of the U.S. Greater China Corporation, John W. Allen, told Xinhua in an email interview after the opening ceremony that "like the Beijing Olympics, the Shanghai Expo is bigger and better than any previous such event and will definitely set the standard for the future."

Allen echoed Chinese President Hu Jintao's remarks that the Expo was a "showcase of the best achievements of human civilization."

"It serves as a beacon for peace rather than a capacity for war," he said, "The Shanghai Expo will probably become an even hotter topic among Americans as China has once and again stunned the world by showcasing its might and skills of handling such big events."

In an interview with Xinhua, Milan's Mayor Letizia Moratti, whose city will host the next World Expo said: "Shanghai Expo will be a monumental exposition, with many magnificent buildings created by architects from all over the world."

"We have many things to learn from China's ability to quickly innovate, open to the world and adopt the best technologies," she said while extending her warm congratulations on the opening.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13275398.htm

China's electricity consumption rose 23.1 percent year on year to 339.4 billion kilowatt-hours (KWhs) in April, the National Energy Administration (NEA) said in a statement on its website Friday.

The growth rate was two percentage points higher than March, indicating the country's power consumption remained high.

Consumption in the primary industry grew 6.2 percent from a year earlier to 8.2 billion KWhs.

Industrial use of electricity rose 25.6 percent from a year earlier to 254.4 billion KWhs in April, 0.8 percent lower than the previous month.

In breakdown, heavy industry, a major consumer of China's electricity, used 211.3 billion KWhs in April, up 28.7 percent year on year, while light industry's power use increased 12.3 percent to 43.1 billion KWhs.

Tertiary industry power consumption increased 17.65 percent to 33.7 billion KWhs.

China's electricity generation rose 21.4 percent year on year to 331.64 billion kilowatt-hours (KWhs) in April, the National Bureau of Statistics said Tuesday.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13294366.htm

China's No. 2 telecommunications equipment maker ZTE Corp. expects group revenue to grow by about 30 percent over the next few years, fueled by the rapid rise of its cell phone unit, a senior executive said.

Shenzhen-based ZTE also expects mobile phone revenue to grow 35 percent this year and form half of the group’s total revenue in five years, He Shiyou, ZTE’s head of mobile terminals, said Tuesday.

“From the group’s perspective, achieving 30 percent revenue growth is the minimum to give a good report to shareholders and investors,” said He.

Analysts had expected about a 24 percent rise in total revenue for the year. ZTE reported group revenue of 60.27 billion yuan (US$8.83 billion) and mobile terminal sales of 13.07 billion yuan last year.

ZTE’s mobile terminals segment is the firm’s fastest growing unit, booking a 40 percent rise in sales in the first quarter.

“We hope that within five years, mobile phone revenue will form 50 percent of the group’s sales,” said He, adding that cell phone revenue was around 20 percent currently.

ZTE said carrier network sales were flat in the first quarter and it is banking on the smartphone boom to boost its mobile phone revenue.

“Most of the interest when we talk to U.S. or European clients is in our smartphones,” said He.

Smartphones, which allow consumers to surf the Internet, send e-mail and run specialized applications on wide, color screens, are increasingly replacing no-frills cell phones for many consumers.

The devices have become a prime battleground for a variety of technology companies seeking to ensure a strong position in the evolving market.

ZTE has also been looking to resolve a dispute with Indian authorities on Chinese telecom equipment, which authorities have blocked citing security reasons.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13305644.htm

[jhl]

In the first half of the year, China overtook South Korea to become the world's largest shipbuilder in terms of three major industry indicators, including new orders, order backlogs and delivery. That's according to a report released Sunday by Clarkson Research Services Ltd., a London-based market research firm.

This is the first time since 2003 – the year it overtook Japan - that South Korea fails to secure the highest rank.

According to the data, Korean shipbuilders' deliveries in the first half of this year amounted to 7.48 million gross tons (CGTs), and Chinese shipbuilders' deliveries reached 8.01 million CGTs.

Also, in the first half of this year Korean shipbuilders received new orders of 4.62 million CGTs, making up 38 percent of the global market share, while China's new orders amounted to 5.02 million CGTs, or 41.2 percent market share.

In terms of order backlogs, China stood at 53 million CGTs, exceeding South Korea's 49 million CGTs.

Last year, China overtook South Korea in terms of new orders and order backlogs, and South Korea has now lost its leading role in terms of delivery.

The report said that in 2009, when the global shipbuilding industry stagnated due to the financial crisis, China's shipbuilding industry made advances due to government support. And this year, the orders from China's shipping firms have consolidated the shipbuilding industry's top position.

"The Chinese government has said that its shipbuilding industry would overtake that of South Korea by 2015. They have now done so five years ahead of schedule," a South Korean industry analyst said. The analyst added that China could also take over the top spot at the end of the year.

http://business.globaltimes.cn/industries/...-07/553517.html

Chinese Finance Minister Xie Xuren said Wednesday that the country's fiscal revenue exceeded 6.85 trillion yuan (1 trillion U.S. dollars) last year, 718.795 billion yuan, or 11.7 percent, up from 2008.

Xie revealed the figure in a report on last year's fiscal situation to the 15th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature.

Central government expenditure exceeded revenue last year, resulting in a fiscal deficit of 750 billion yuan, which was within the limit approved by the national legislature, Xie said.

The government's total central fiscal expenditure exceeded 4.38 trillion yuan, an increase of about 843.1 billion yuan over that of the previous year, said Xie.

The outstanding national debt reached 6.02 trillion yuan at the end of last year, which was within the 6.27-trillion-yuan limit in the annual budget, he said.

The total central fiscal expenditure included about 1.53 trillion yuan of central government spending and almost 2.86 trillion yuan of tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments, Xie said.

The central fiscal spending on national defense stood at 482.5 billion yuan in 2009, he said.

Of the total expenditure, 56.76 billion yuan was forwarded to the education sector, 6.35 billion channeled to the medical and health-care sector, and 45.44 billion went to the social security and employment sector, he said.

The government would promote the scientific and meticulous management of public finances, deepen fiscal system reform, enhance efficiency and transparency of budgets, and step up scrutiny of major government-funded projects, he said.

The government would strive to make central government organs publish "every major item" in their budget list by 2011, he said.

Xie said the government would continue its fight against extravagant and wasteful conduct and "small coffers," which refer to funds, securities and assets that should be, but frequently are not, listed in account books in a bid to escape supervision.

NPC Standing Committee chairman Wu Bangguo was present at Wednesday's top legislature session.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13365538.htm

Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice", said on Sunday that his team was working on a new version of high-yield hybrid rice and might complete it in 2012.

Yuan, director of the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center and a faculty member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, made the remarks at the World Expo's third theme forum, which opened on Sunday in Wuxi, in east China's Jiangsu Province.

The new hybrid, the phase-III super hybrid rice, was expected to yield 13.5 tonnes of rice per hectare, Yuan said.

The previous hybrid, the second-generation super hybrid, was released for commercial production in 2006, yielding 9 tonnes of rice per hectare, on average

Rice is a major food crop that feeds more than half of the world's population, Yuan said.

China is now planting 440 million mu (29 million hectares) of rice per year, with an average output capacity of 6.3 tonnes per hectare.

Among the acreage, hybrid rice accounts for about 57 percent of the total, with an average output capacity of 7.2 tonnes per hectare.

"The average yield of hybrid rice is at least 20 percent more than that of inbred rice, feeding 70 million more people annually," Yuan said.

China is faced with a challenging grain situation this summer because of strong rainfalls in the south during the summer harvest season. Other problems include droughts in northern grain production areas and lingering low temperatures in the south.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, China needs to maintain an annual grain output of 500 million tonnes to feed the nation's 1.3 billion people.

China's summer grain output rose six years in a row to top 123.35 million tonnes in 2009, which was 2.6 million tonnes more than the previous year.

"Hybrid rice will play a key role in ensuring food security worldwide in the new century," Yuan said.

"If 50 percent of the world's rice paddies were planted with hybrids, rice production could be increased by another 150 million tonnes, and 400 to 500 million more people could be fed," he said.

Yuan believes food security is "a war people can not afford to lose" .

"The global economic downturn will always end, but food security is the problem we have to face every second," Yuan said.

Statistics from the United Nations showed about 1 billion people were suffering from hunger and malnutrition and every six seconds saw a child dying of hunger or related diseases.

With the theme "science & technology innovation and urban future", the two-day forum focuses on innovations in science and technology.

The previous two theme forums of the World Expo centered on communications and cultural heritages.

Yuan started working on hybrid rice in 1964.

"I often drive my car to go to rice paddies to do research," said the 80-year-old, "The only difference is that when I was young, I rode a bicycle or motorcycle ....you could attribute it to improving life."

Hybrid rice has also been commercialized in other countries, including India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Bangladesh and the United States.

"For the benefits of the world' s people, we are well prepared to help other countries develop hybrid rice," he said.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13359672.htm

China is expected to collect a government revenue of eight trillion yuan this year, giving it the second largest fiscal revenue in the world. America has the largest.

While the growth rates of fiscal revenues of developed countries have been around one percent or even negative in the first five months of this year, China's growth rate has been 30.8 percent.

By June, many provinces had already gained half of their planned annual fiscal revenue, one month ahead of schedule. "China should not have a problem in achieving a revenue growth of 10 percent in the second half of this year," an official with the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) said.

Ensuring that the increasing fiscal revenue will be used to improve the livelihood of ordinary people is an issue the Chinese government must deal with.

Eight Trillion Yuan!

China collected a government revenue of 3.547 trillion yuan in the first five months of this year, 836.2 billion yuan more, a 30.8 percent increase, from that of the same period last year, and 200 billion yuan more than the total amount of the first half of last year. The world has been taken by surprise by the huge amount of fiscal revenue China has managed to gain despite the financial crisis.

The amount of fiscal revenue China earned in June is not known. But, according to an official with the SAT, based on statistics from the first half of June, June's growth rate will decrease, but will not reach zero.

Officials with the Ministry of Finance said fiscal revenue would experience a high growth rate in the first half of this year and growth would slow in the second half.

Based on conservative estimates, China will gain a fiscal revenue of over 4.3 trillion yuan in the first half of this year and its total revenue for the year will exceed eight trillion yuan. Earlier this year, China released its budget which showed its plans to collect 7.4 trillion yuan in fiscal revenue.

Harvest Season

"The four-trillion-yuan stimulus package has brought about huge tax revenues," a local taxation official said. With some big projects beginning to run this year, companies have begun gaining revenue and the income gained from the value-added tax, corporate income tax and other taxes has greatly increased.

For example, 882 billion yuan has been invested into subway systems and inter-city railway projects in 22 cities. The train cars involved in these projects have already been delivered or are in the process of being delivered.

China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited, China's largest locomotive manufacturer, has paid a monthly tax of over ten million yuan in the first half of this year.

The individual income tax imposed on the sale of restricted shares has also produced a large amount of tax revenue for the government. "This form of revenue did not exist in the past," according to local taxation official.
  
Since January 1, 2010, China began to collect tax from individuals who sell their restricted shares. According to an official with the SAT, from January to March, the 33 provinces and cities directly under the central government collected 885 million yuan of individual income tax on the sale of restricted shares with a rate of 93,700 yuan per capita and the largest tax payer paying 41.29 million yuan.

"The tax revenue brought about by individual income taxes on property transfers has risen by 70 percent in the first four months this year," an official with the SAT said.

The property industry which had been prosperous since the second half of last year up through the first quarter of this year has also greatly contributed to China's fiscal revenue. According to statistics from the Ministry of Finance, the tax revenue concerning land and property contributed to over 35 percent of the total tax revenue last year.

A report from the Ministry of Finance also indicates that there is a correlation between the fast growth of the corporate income tax, individual income tax, business tax, and contract tax with the prosperity of the property sector. For example, the sales tax has grown by 41 percent in the first quarter of this year, including the real estate industry sales tax which has risen by 118 percent.

In the first half of this year, local taxation officials have been required by the SAT to inspect the value-added tax on land nationwide. The inspection has at least doubled land value-added tax revenue and has possibly increased it by four to five times. The national tax inspection targeted at property companies and key enterprises will also bring about large tax revenues.

Last week, the Ministry of Finance announced that as of July 15, the central government would no longer provide an export tax rebate on 406 products, indicating that fiscal revenue will further increase.

Yet fiscal revenue will slow in the second half of this year; the government's tough position on the property industry will be the main reason for a decrease in tax revenue. A local taxation official said, the influence of the government's regulation on tax revenue from the property industry will begin to be apparent in the second half of this year since those policies were issued in April.

An official with the SAT told the EO, although there are elements that will reduce tax revenue,  business investment has recovered and the growth rate of tax revenue should be no less than 10 percent for the second half of this year. In China, according to the government budget which was made public, tax revenue accounts for 95 percent of government fiscal revenue.

But this public budget does not contain government funds nor the income dividends paid by centrally-owned enterprises to the central government. Since last year, the considerable income gained from land transfer fees was contained in the governmental fund budget, but not in the budget made public.

Yang Zhiyong, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Finance and Trade Economics, said if China's fiscal revenue was tallied using the same methods of most countries by including government funds of 1.8 trillion yuan and profit from state-owned capital which is 42.1 billion yuan, China's fiscal revenue would far exceed its current level of 8 trillion yuan.

Cutting the Cake

The cake is getting bigger and bigger; there has been continual discussion on how to divide up the slices of China's fiscal revenue. Though the government has been putting more into social security, health care and education, people are still not satisfied with the growth rate of these types of investments.

The first task of the income distribution reform project drafted by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is to increase the amount of fiscal revenue that is spent on improving China's social security system.

Stephen Green, who heads the Greater China research team at Standard Chartered Bank, stresses China's need to reduce its administrative expenditures while expanding its funds spent on social security. "Based on World Bank data, China only spends 1.2 percent of its GDP on its health care system. That's too little."

Germany spends over 33 percent of its GDP on its social security system, one third of which flows to its old-age pensioners and one fifth of which is spent on its statutory health insurance scheme.

The Blue Paper on Development and Reform released by the China Development and Reform Institute, states that although China has been investing more and more into its health care system, the ratio of the total government funds to the total expenditure on health care has been yearly decreasing. The ratio of government expenditure on the health care system to its fiscal revenue and GDP has also been decreasing over the past 15 years.

Before the development of China's recent stimulus package, Green recommended that the Chinese government take advantage of this opportunity to greatly increase the amount it spends on social security, health care, education and policy-based housing and begin providing insurance for ordinary people which would promote domestic consumption instead of their plan to increase GDP by constructing a large number of infrastructure projects.

Yang Liangchu, director of the Ministry of Finance's research department, said China's expenditure on its social security system only amounts to 12 percent of its GDP while that of developed countries is usually over 30 percent; some developed countries even spend half of their GDP on social security. China needs to invest more in its social security system.

"We cannot become a universal welfare state; that would be a great financial burden and would produce a vicious cycle in which we have to continuously collect more taxes to maintain a high level of social security. However, we do have to increase how much we spend on social security," Yang Liangchu said.

Chinese people have a relatively high tax burden compared with residents of other nations. Green believes that China should reduce the amount individuals and enterprises pay in social security fees and have the government contribute more. According to his understanding, currently the social security fee paid by enterprises and individuals accounts for 42 percent of salary costs; that is more then they should have to bear.

http://www.eeo.com.cn/ens/finance_investme...02/174388.shtml

[pollo]

please observe the post here and respect your friend use english here thx, ps:i m a new guy from china

[pollo]

best wishes to Pakistani

[Chinese young writer]

GoodArticles!

[M_ZEE32]

http://www.eurasiareview.com/201008177098/...lly-flawed.html

[jhl]

China's "barefoot doctors" who helped deliver the basic medical services to the country's extensive and remote rural areas can be an inspiration to Africa's slashing its high maternal and infant mortalities, a WHO senior official has said on the sidelines of the African Union summit being held here.

"One of the lessons that Africa can learn from the Chinese experiences is that the country's medical services were closely delivered to its people by the barefoot doctors and experiences of providing services at the community level," the World Health Organization (WHO) Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health director, Flavia Bustreo, told Xinhua in an exclusive interview.

"In fact, some of the countries making progress in Africa like Ethiopia for example, have really borrowed the lessons they have from China," she said. "They have created a health extension with health extension workers that they have quickly trained and deployed in the rural areas. That is the major lessons they have really looked for and learnt from China. "

Chinese barefoot doctors are farmers who received minimal basic medical and paramedical training and worked in rural villages in the country. They brought health care to rural areas where urban- trained doctors would not settle, promoting basic hygiene, preventive health care, and family planning.

Bustreo said the other important lesson for Africa to learn from China is that China is able to provide access free and that is critical.

With five years to go to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, she said, a number of African countries have made significant progress in reducing maternal and infant mortalities, including countries with low income, for example, Malawi, the chair of this year's African Union Summit.

"More than five countries in Africa are achieving already or on truck to reduce the child mortality," she said.

Bustreo, a world-renowned physician, said the data this year had shown that it was very clear the association of HIV/AIDS and maternal death was really staggering, which she called a major challenge that is facing specific challenge for the continent.

She said the African leaders in 2001 in Abuja agreed and committed to what is called Abuja target. They are implementing 15 percent of their budget for health and several countries have made progress and even in fact some have surpassed 15 percent like Rwanda for example is already above 18 percent."

"However, if you have a country which is of a low income and even if they arrive at 15 percent of their budget for health, then in absolute terms we are still talking about less than a dollar per capita per year," she said.

"But from the World Health Organization we have estimated that the least you need is 40 dollars per capita per year to achieve the results we are discussing."

"So there is a gap here that really needs to be filled not only by additional investments by the government itself but also by other partners, by private sector, by foundation and other stake holders that are commit to this agenda."

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13417435.htm

A group of Chinese researchers are cultivating human cells to make artificial corneas in a laboratory, bringing hope to some 5 million victims of corneal blindness in China.

The research team from the Ocean University of China (OUC) was expected to produce a complete cornea and begin clinical trials in three to five years, said Fan Tingjun, deputy dean of the College of Marine Life Science at the OUC.

An artificial cornea, each expected to cost 10,000 to 20,000 yuan (1,475 to 2,950 U.S. dollars), would provide an alternative for those patients anxiously awaiting donated corneas for transplant surgery, Fan said.

"Chinese doctors can only perform corneal transplant operations,

currently the only cure for corneal blindness, on 3,000 to 4,000 people every year due to a lack of donors," he said.

The cornea, a vulnerable shield protecting the eye and also playing a key role in creating vision, consists of three main layers -- the endothelium, stroma and epithelium.

The research team had made a major breakthrough by using tissue-engineering technologies to create a tissue similar to the endothelium, an innermost, single layer of cells essential to keeping the cornea clear, Fan said.

The creation of endothelium remained a key barrier in the global study of artificial corneas because the cells of the endothelium could not regenerate, which added great difficulties to cell cultures, said Fan, whose team started their research in 2002.

Before 2002, many researchers throughout the world resorted to the cancer gene to stimulate the growth of endothelial cells during the culture.

"So their achievements couldn't apply to clinical therapies, but only for further research," Fan said.

After nine years of trial and error, the team successfully cultivated a large quantity of normal human endothelial cells with the assistance of supports made of human amnion.

An evaluation panel of top ophthalmologists described their breakthrough as "building up the first endothelial cell line in the world without risks of causing tumors", as written on the achievement evaluation certificate issued by the State Science and Technology Commission.

The researchers have transplanted the artificial endothelium to a rabbit, which maintained the transparency of its cornea for more than a year.

Now the team is working on the production of stroma, which accounts for 90 percent of the thickness of the cornea and serves as a bridge between the endothelium and epithelium, the outmost layer of the cornea to block outside dust and bacteria from reaching the eye, as well as absorb oxygen and cell nutrients from tears.

Although some of Fan's foreign counterparts have produced artificial stroma similar to that found in the human eye, these have not functioned well when transplanted in animals, Fan said.

"We have chosen proper seed cells and supports made of composite materials to produce stroma. Now, we're performing adjustments of the supports' structure and function and hopefully will be finished in three to five years," Fan said, adding that the production of epithelium, which was comparatively easier, had been accomplished successfully years ago.

The researchers are working with the Qingdao Yuming Biotechnologies Co., Ltd to produce 150,000 to 200,000 pieces of endothelium every year to benefit more than 800,000 Chinese who became blind after their endothelium was damaged.

"The mass production of complete corneas will be launched after the artificial cornea passes the clinical trials," Fan said.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/heal.../c_13413987.htm

Workers began to lay tracks for a high-speed railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai on Monday, according to China's Ministry of Railways (MOR).

MOR held a ceremony in Xuzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Monday to mark the event.

MOR said the laying of 1,318-km of railway track would be finished by the end of the year. The railway is scheduled to open in 2012,

The construction of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was started in April 2008. Total investment was estimated at 220.9 billion yuan (32.5 billion U.S. dollars).

The high-speed railway would cut travel time between Beijing, China's capital in the north, and Shanghai, the country's economic center in the east, to less than five hours, compared with the 10-hour journey by train between the two cities now.

By 2012, China would have a railway network of 110,000 km, 13,000 km of which would be high-speed rail, according to the MOR.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13404472.htm

China Investment Corporation (CIC), the country's sovereign wealth fund, said Thursday in its newly released annual report that the rate of return on its global portfolio for 2009 was 11.7 percent, after a negative 2.1 percent in 2008.

This is CIC's second annual report. The overall return on registered capital of the Chinese wealth fund reached 12.9 percent in 2009, after combining with the return of the China Huijin Investment Ltd., CIC's wholly-owned subsidiary which invests exclusively in China's domestic financial institutions.

The company has quickened its pace of overseas investments since the start of May last year. It invested $58 billion globally after a slowdown in 2008 of only $4.8 billion.

http://business.globaltimes.cn/industries/...-07/557574.html

[jhl]

The Chinese mainland's length of high-speed railways in operation has now reached 6,900 kilometers, ranking first in the world, and the length of high-speed railways under construction has reached 10,000-plus kilometers, according to the "Seventh World High-speed Railway Conference" held by the Ministry of Railways on July 28.

The high-speed railway lines, including the Beijing-Tianjin, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Zhengzhou-Xi'an and Shanghai-Nanjing lines, are all in operation and running at speeds of 350 kilometers an hour, making them the fastest in the world.

According to the plan and current construction progress, the total length of high-speed railways in China will exceed 13,000 kilometers by 2012 and will exceed 16,000 kilometers by 2020.

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...82/7085890.html

China's annual production and sales of new autos will both surpass 15 million vehicles this year, Dong Yang, secretary-general of the China Association of Automobile Manufactures, said Wednesday.

Auto sales in China continued to rise in July, though at a slower pace than in previous months. The growth rate slowed from 124 percent in January to 40 percent in April, to 17.18 percent in July.

Rapid growth in auto sales during the first several months of 2010 was due to last year's low comparison base and it was not representative of the true picture in the industry, Dong said at a press conference.

"The current slowed growth in auto sales is beneficial for the sustained development of the industry, while a too-fast growth may put a lot of pressure on the environment and use of energy," he said.

As for auto inventories, Dong said they remain within normal range, though the average stockpile period lengthened to 58 days in July from 55 days in June.

Based upon June exports, China's total auto exports for the year will hit or even exceed the 2008 levels seen before the financial crisis, Dong added.

http://www.china.org.cn/business/2010-08/0...nt_20641874.htm

China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2009 was modified up to 9.1 percent from previous 8.7 percent, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) announced Friday.

The country's GDP hit 34.0507 trillion yuan (5.296 trillion U.S. dollars), up 515.4 billion yuan (76 billion U.S. dollars) from the previous figure, according to the NBS.

After the GDP adjustment, the added-value of the primary industry was 3.522 trillion yuan (520 billion U.S. dollars), down 25.1 billion yuan (3.7 billion U.S. dollars) from the earlier calculation.

The added-value of the second industry reached 15.7639 trillion yuan (2.33 trillion U.S. dollars), up 9.9 percent from a year earlier. That growth was 0.4 percentage point higher than the previous figure.

The added-value of the tertiary industry grew to 14.7642 trillion yuan (2.18 trillion U.S. dollars) by 9.3 percent, 0.4 percentage point higher than the earlier report.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13381033.htm

China's gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to expand more than 9 percent in 2010, Yi Gang, head of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), said Friday.

Yi, also deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, the central bank, made the remarks in an interview with China Reform magazine, which is posted on the SAFE website Friday.

China's GDP grew 11.1 percent in the first half of 2010 from the same period of last year.

Yi said China's economic growth rate will eventually slow down because its economic base is expanding, while the country's development faces huge pressure in fields of environmental protection, resources and energy.

"The restriction caused by environmental factors has been unprecedented, such as underground water, air, and carbon emission," Yi said.

Yi said the priority of China's economy is the quality of the growth.

"That's why we have to restructure and transform growth modes -- for improving the growth quality and the efficiency," Yi said.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13423429.htm

[jhl]

China's gold output rose 8.69 percent from a year ago to 159.24 tonnes in the first half of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said Wednesday.

Gold production in June was about 31.9 tonnes, up from 28.3 tonnes in May, the ministry said in a statement on its website.

Gold companies reported a total net profit of 10.25 billion yuan (about 1.51 billion U.S. dollars) in the January-June period, an increase of 84.09 percent year on year, according to the MIIT.

During the first six months, the gross industrial output value of China's domestic gold sector stood at 96.89 billion yuan (14.27 billion U.S. dollars), up 61.27 percent from a year ago, said the ministry.

The average global gold price was 1,152.22 U.S. dollars an ounce in the January-June period, according to the MIIT.

In 2009, China's cumulative gold demand was worth more than 14 billion U.S. dollars, or 11 percent of the world's total, according to a report released by the World Gold Council in March.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13450899.htm

China's machinery industry has rebounded during the first half of this year, but the momentum is likely to slow as the country's economy cools.

The machinery industry has grown by 37 percent during the first six months of 2010, with a total output value of 6.59 trillion yuan, according to the China Machinery Industry Federation, a quasi-governmental institution that oversees growth of China's machinery sector.

The machinery industry, which has benefited from the government's 4 trillion yuan investment spending spree, enjoyed expansion in large-scale construction projects over the last year. The construction machinery sector reported 54 percent growth during the first half of this year, according to the federation.

The strong growth of the industry is based on preliminary statements by several listed machinery companies submitted to the stock exchange.

Shanghai-listed Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co, which is also planning to launch a listing in Hong Kong, predicted its profit would grow by 50 percent to 100 percent over the first half this year.

Sany Heavy Industry Co is also expected to record 85 percent growth this year, according to Ping An Securities. The maker has already reported a growth rate of 170 percent in profit during the first quarter of this year.

However, not all machinery industry sectors are reporting the same momentum as domestic demand has decreased this year. New orders in power generation equipment, transmission and substation equipment as well as heavy machinery, have rolled back this year.

"It is unlikely to see significant growth in the output of power equipment this year and it will probably stand around 117 million kW since the base figure is already huge," according to Cai Weici, vice-president of the federation, adding that China's output of power equipment already makes up half of the world's total.

"There is also less demand for heavy machinery used in steel production because the industry is eliminating outdated productivity, thus reducing market demand," Cai said.

Fixed-assets investment in the machinery industry which has maintained a growth rate of over 40 percent since 2004 slowed down by 27 percent to 79.8 billion yuan, signaling less reserved strength for further growth.

In term of exports, the machinery industry will be exposed to several uncertain factors including a more flexible yuan exchange rate as well as rising labor and raw material costs.

The federation forecasts the industry's growth rate will be 20 percent in 2010.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13430862.htm

China's fixed asset investment in the first seven months rose 24.9 percent year on year to 11.98 trillion yuan (1.77 trillion U.S. dollars), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) announced Wednesday.

The growth rate was 0.6 percentage points lower than that for the first half.

State-owned and state-controlled investment rose by 20.1 percent to 4.95 trillion yuan.

Property market investment grew 37.2 percent to 2.38 trillion yuan in the first seven months.

Investment in central government projects rose 10.4 percent to 924.2 billion yuan, and investment in local government projects was up 26.3 percent to 11.06 trillion yuan in the first seven months year on year.

Foreign investment climbed 0.9 percent to 418.3 billion yuan in the first seven months year on year. Investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan was up 15.8 percent to 381.3 billion yuan. Domestic enterprise investment rose 26.6 percent to 11.14 trillion yuan.

Total investment in the primary sector (including farming, fishing and forestry) rose 18.9 percent from a year earlier.

The industrial sector saw investment up 22.1 percent, and investment in the tertiary sector, which covers commerce, finance and services, rose 27.4 percent.

Investment in railways was up by 21.5 percent to 290.5 billion yuan; in oil and natural gas by 7.9 percent to 128.7 billion yuan; in electricity and thermal power production and supply by 6.9 percent to 577.1 billion yuan.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13439598.htm

China Mobile, the world's largest mobile operator by subscribers, said Thursday its net profit in the first half this year edged up 4.2 percent to reach 57.643 billion yuan (8.5 billion U.S. dollars) from a year earlier.

The telecom giant also announced that Wang Jianzhou will cease to be the CEO of the group and remains to serve as the chairman.

Meanwhile, Li Yue, the vice president of China Mobile, has been designated to take the CEO position.

In a filing to the Hong Kong stock exchange on the day, Wang Jianzhou said the company's operating revenue maintained steady growth in the first half to reach 229.82 billion yuan, an increase of 7.9 percent from the first half of 2009.

In the first half, China Mobile's EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, deprecation and amortization) amounted to 116.62 billion yuan, advancing 6.1 percent year on year, it said.

"Underpinned by its solid capital structure, strong financial position and cash flow generating capability, the Group is well- positioned to manage risks and achieve continued healthy growth," Wang said in a statement.

According to the statement, China Mobile had a total of 554 million customers by the end of June this year, of which 31.76 million were net additions.

Total voice usage volume was 1,664.654 billion minutes, up 20 percent year on year. Average minutes of usage per user per month was 520 minutes, up 6.1 percent, and average revenue per user per month stood at 72 yuan, which displayed a moderately declining trend, said the Beijing-based company.

Wang said China Mobile placed emphasis on its value-added services business which had become major driving force of revenue growth. Revenue from the value-added business soared 13.4 percent year on year, contributing 29.5 percent to its operating revenue.

Revenue from the value-added business had been further diversified to such key services as wireless music, mobile paper, "Fetion" and 12580 integrated information service line. Other services such as mobile payment, mobile reading, mobile video and mobile gaming had also developed rapidly.

Regarding 3G service, China Mobile said its parent company had completed construction of the third phase of its 3G network TD- SCDMA. By the end of June, the number of operational TD-SCDMA base stations had reached 115,000 and the network covered 238 Chinese cities.

By the end of June, China Mobile's 3G customers reached 10.46 million, Wang said.

China Mobile said it was also making progress on the testing of LTE technology, which was part of the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G technology. At the World Expo Shanghai 2010, China Mobile had carried out a successful debut of its showcase TDLTE network, and large scale testing would soon begin.

According to Wang, China Mobile was blessed with a positive business environment as the Chinese economy continued to show healthy momentum in the first half. But it was also faced with external challenges including high and increasing mobile penetration rates and intensifying industry competition.

Wang noted the development of some sectors of the market including the rural market, the migrant worker market and the family market, are showing great growth potential.

In addition, the flourishing of mobile internet and the " Internet of Things" being gradually integrated into people's daily lives also provide the Group with new models and areas for business growth, he said.

China Mobile closed at 84.45 HK dollars (10.9 U.S. dollars) per share by midday Thursday, up 0.18 percent, with its total market value standing at 1,693.4 billion HK dollars (217.9 billion U.S. dollars). (1 U.S. dollar equals 6.79 yuan)

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13452282.htm

[jhl]

Testing of an experimental hepatitis E vaccine developed by China-based Xiamen Innovax Biotech has proven enormously successful, Bloomberg  reported, citing a study published in The Lancet, a medical journal. The 19-month trial, which involved over 112,000 people between the ages of 16 and 65, achieved a perfect rate of prevention from the disease. Hepatitis E, which causes jaundice fever and is dangerous for pregnant women, has infected about a third of the world's population and kills an estimated 26,000 people each year. The disease is a water-borne virus primarily found in regions with poor sanitation. Further studies will be needed to assess the vaccine, but the US Center for Disease Control and Prevented has already heralded the drug as a breakthrough.

http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/dailybr..._E_vaccine.html

Exports of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the global market were valued at 1.46 billion U.S. dollars, Wang Guoqiang, director of the State Administration of TCM , said Saturday.

Wang, also vice minister of the health ministry, said the number of countries and regions which recognize the advantages and special features of TCM in treating modern diseases were on the rise and many countries were seeking cooperation with China on TCM.

Traditional Chinese medicines are mostly mixtures of a number of ingredients or medical plants such as herbs, which makes them much more difficult to explain and analyze in a quantitative sense than western drugs.

One major obstacle Chinese drug firms face when obtaining market approval in the U.S. and European countries is how to explain how traditional Chinese medicines work using a scientific language that appeals to Westerners.

China has so far signed more than 90 pacts that partially or exclusively touched on TCM cooperation with more than 70 countries and regions.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13434710.htm

An alliance of sixteen of the largest State-owned companies wants to accelerate development of electric vehicles in China, a move which underscores the country's ambition to be a world leader in new energy vehicles.

The alliance, formed on Wednesday, is gearing up to invest 100 billion yuan ($14.7 billion) on electric vehicles by 2012, according to media reports.

Guided by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC), the alliance was formed by almost all the major players in the related sectors, including the country's top three oil majors, top two power grid operators, and two major automakers - China FAW Group Corp and Dongfeng Auto Corp.

The alliance aims to speed up research and development in vehicles, fuel cells and charging systems, as well as setting some unified standards, said SASAC Minister Li Rongrong.

China has already made some progress in areas like auto parts and fuel cells, and should take further steps to build internationally competitive Chinese electric car brands, Li said.

Early in 2008, the central government launched a national campaign aimed at getting 1,000 electric vehicles on the roads in at least 10 cities each year to encourage people to buy electric cars.

In June, the Ministry of Finance kicked off an incentive policy in five pilot cities - Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Changchun and Hefei - providing subsidies of 60,000 yuan for a pure electric vehicle, and 50,000 yuan for a plug-in hybrid vehicle.

Chinese automaker and batterymaker BYD, a company which Warren Buffett has invested in, launched its first battery-powered car in 2008 and formed a joint venture on electric cars with German automaker Daimler in March.

The consulting firm McKinsey &Company said the US is the most likely to spearhead a movement toward electric cars from gasoline-driven cars.

McKinsey ranked the US first in its electric-vehicle index, ahead of France, Germany and China. Many western European countries have invested heavily in the development of green energy technologies.

Li said the alliance is open to other companies, both domestic and overseas.

Use of cleaner energy vehicles is in line with China's aim at improving energy efficiency and cutting pollution, said Dai Yande, deputy director of the Energy Research Institute (ERI) affiliated with the National Development and Reform Commission.

"It is hard for the country to achieve its energy and environment targets without environmental friendly cars," he said.

Use of cleaner energy vehicles not only reduces China's reliance on imported oil, but also helps the country cut greenhouse gases emissions, he added.

China has pledged to reduce its carbon intensity by 40 to 45 percent in 2020 from the 2005 level. The country has also set a target of raising the use of non-fossil energy to 15 percent of total energy consumption.

Car sales in China are expected to reach 17 million this year, up 30 percent from last year, China Passenger Car Association said in July.

The alliance will help promote the use of electric cars in China, and the establishment of industry standards will be of immense benefit, said Wang Liusheng, an analyst at China Merchants Securities.

However, the alliance should include more automakers, such as China's biggest auto manufacturer SAIC Group and BYD, he said. "Otherwise, the effect will be limited across the total automobile industry."

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...82/7109088.html

Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), China's largest commercial port and one of the country's major gateways for foreign trade, reported a 52 percent increase in profits during the first half of the year.

Net profits for SIPG were 2.6 billion yuan (385 million U.S. dollars) from January to June, up 52.4 percent year on year, the company said in a statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange on Saturday.

Further, earnings per share rose 52 percent from a year earlier to 0.12 yuan, according to the statement.

The company attributed the growth mainly to China's robust trade performance in the first half of the year.

During the first half of 2010, China's exports rose 35.2 percent to 705.09 billion U.S. dollars while imports increased 52.7 percent to 649.79 billion U.S. dollars, according to the General Administration of Customs.

SIPG shares on the Shanghai bourse closed down 0.48 percent to 4.17 yuan on Friday.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13456181.htm

[eachus]

home made 1000 MW hydropower generators

with Three Gorges Dam China imported the 700 MW technology, jump starts from its 300 MW tech.
just a few years later, China make 1GW generators, great!



http://www.power-technology.com/projects/gorges/

The project has 34 generators, of which 32 are the main generators. The other two are power generators with a capacity of 50MW each.

The plant took 17 years for construction and was built in stages by state-backed sponsor China Yangtze Three Gorges Dam Project Development Corporation. Initial works began in 1993. Up to the end of 1996, around $2.3bn was invested. Main equipment orders for the 9,800MW first phase were placed in 1997. 14 of 32 Francis units of 700MW each were brought on-line on the left bank of the river (between 2003 and 2006).

In the second phase, 12 more 700MW units were added on the opposite bank, taking the total to 18,200MW.

[jhl]

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), the world's largest commercial lender by market value, Thursday reported first-half profits rose 27.3 percent year on year, boosted by increase of loans and fee revenues from financial services.

Net profits totaled 85 billion yuan (12.5 billion U.S. dollars). Operating income climbed 22 percent to 181 billion yuan, the Beijing-based bank said in a statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Earnings per share were 0.25 yuan, an increase of 20 percent year on year.

While maintaining its position as the world's most profitable bank, ICBC also improved its asset quality with its non-performing loan ratio declining to 1.26 percent by the end of June, down 0.28 percentage points from the end of last year, the statement said.

The non-performing ratio of credit to property developers stood at 0.8 percent by the end of June, and to mortgage borrowers at 0.44 percent.

New yuan loans increased 10 percent to 524.1 billion yuan in the first six months, most of which went into major infrastructure construction, development of industries of strategic importance backed by the government.

Loans for small business stood at 390.9 billion yuan in the first half, exceeding the total of last year.

Income from fees and commissions rose 33 percent to 36.9 billion yuan.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13464392.htm

Bank of China, the nation's third largest commercial lender, said Thursday its first-half profits rose 25.77 percent year on year, boosted by surges in loans and financial service fees.

Net profits hit 54.38 billion yuan (7.9 billion U.S. dollars). Operating income totaled 70 billion yuan, an increase of 27 percent, the Beijing-based bank said in a statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Earnings per share were 0.2 yuan, up 25 percent year on year.

The non-performing loan ratio stood at 1.2 percent by the end of June, down 0.32 percentage points year on year. The capital adequacy ratio was 11.73 percent, up 0.59 percentage points.

New yuan loans were up 10.89 percent to 384 billion yuan in the first six months. Credit to the transport and hydropower construction sectors increased sharply, while credit for manufacturing and industries with excess capacity fell.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13464482.htm

China Construction Bank (CCB), the country's second largest bank, said Sunday its net profit in the first half of this year jumped 27 percent to reach 70.78 billion yuan (10.4 billion U.S. dollars) from a year earlier and its non-performing loan (NPL) ratio dropped to 1.22 percent.

In a filing to the Hong Kong stock exchange, CCB said its profit before tax amounted to 92.19 billion yuan, up 27.2 percent year on year.

RAPID GROWTH IN H1

Key contributors to the rapid year-on-year growth of net profit were increased credit supply, service and product innovation, and decreased impairment losses, according to the statement.

Regarding credit supply, the bank said its average balance of interest-bearing assets rose by 18.26 percent in the first half, prompting net interest income to surge by 15.33 billion yuan, or 15 percent.

On service and product innovation, CCB said net fee and commission income rose by 10.22 billion yuan, or 43.63 percent year on year, as a result of sustained rapid expansion of fee- based business.

The Beijing-based lender also said its impairment losses fell by 2.995 billion yuan, or 23.36 percent, due to price rally in foreign currency debt securities with the improving market.

CCB President Zhang Jianguo said in the statement that there were signs of recovery in developed economies and robust growth of emerging economies against the backdrop of a gradually warming-up global economy in the first half.

China has sustained rapid economic growth, thanks to the government's ongoing stimulation of domestic demand, he said. Foreign trade has gradually improved, while investment and consumption spending have continued to expand at a fast pace, and China's overall financial market performed steadily in the first half.

Amid the European sovereign debt crisis and the Chinese government's macro-control policies in the property sector, domestic capital and property markets have undergone noticeable adjustments and are experiencing increasing uncertainties about the future market direction, he said.

According to the statement, CCB's net interest income was 117.8 billion yuan, an increase of 15.33 billion, or 14.96 percent year on year.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13456638.htm

PetroChina Company Limited (PetroChina), China's largest oil and gas producer, Thursday reported first-half profits up 29.4 percent year on year due to soaring crude oil prices and rising oil and gas output.

Net profits totaled 65.33 billion yuan (9.6 billion U.S. dollars) and earnings per share rose to 0.36 yuan from 0.28 yuan, the company said in a statement to the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchanges.

The company's crude oil output rose by 1.7 percent to 425 million barrels in the first half. It produced 1.15 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, up 12.9 percent year on year.

The average selling price of its crude oil was 72.4 U.S. dollars per barrel, up 70.6 percent from a year ago.

The Beijing-based company's total gas and oil output reached 617 million barrels of oil equivalent in the first half, up 4.9 percent, of which 55.2 million barrels were produced by its overseas businesses, up 8.3 percent from a year earlier.

The company refined 439 million barrels of crude oil in the first six months, up 12.8 percent year on year, but operating profits in oil refining and chemicals business dropped by 68.3 percent to 5.46 billion yuan, the statement said.

The oil firm said it expected demand in petroleum and petrochemical markets to continue to improve in the second half as the national economy was likely to maintain relatively fast growth.

But the company also said it faced instability factors over the rest of the year, including fluctuating international crude oil prices and possible changes in domestic policy.

Shares in the company on the Shanghai bourse rose 0.1 percent to 10.24 yuan Thursday and its Hong Kong-listed shares went up 0.71 percent to 8.51 Hong Kong dollars.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13464193.htm

[qq5172058]

My English is not good,so I want to say Chinese.This is my idea in Chinese:
   中国和巴基斯坦是相邻的两个国家，20世纪以前交流很多，但深交很少。新中国成立后，中国与巴基斯坦成为了最铁的两个兄弟，最初可能带有共同的利益。但几十年过去了，很多事件证明：中国与巴基斯坦的关系已经远远超出了共同利益，而成为了生死与共的兄弟。愿两国的情谊如同兄弟般的血缘一样，永世连在一起。
   印度与中国在近几十年，由斗争转成了竞争，既然对手，但也有一定的联系。印度之所视中国为敌在于印巴的斗争。而中巴两国是兄弟的关系，不管是哪个有困难，另一个都应该挺身而出。局面就是现在的中巴联合制约印度。就算没有印度的威胁，中巴也一样是兄弟。
    虽然我不能完全翻译，幸好当今有较好的翻译软件，我能看懂楼主的大部分意思。而对于中印的对比，我有一些个人的观点：
     经济实力向来不是国力之魂。在20世幻以前的中国，在世界所占的比重一般保持在30%-50%。可以算是世界第一经济强国。那为什么有近代中国的屈辱史？原因在于没有综合混一的强大国力。而对于综合国力的论述与解决，我就不再单独说明了，这一点，当今世人都会有所认识。国之强，表现在军事，魂魄在人民。人民富有、团结、尚武等一些好的现象极为重要。试看美国，基本上美国人民它具有富有与尚武的两大优势，所以国强。但并不完全强大。
     国家要强大，首先在于制，然后是治。制是制度，一个国家的强大，首先在于其政策制度，政治制度并不是强求名称，而是它是否实用，实用的检验一是确保生产力的快速稳定发展，二是是否有效凝聚国力。治是治理，有较好制度而没有有效的治理措施，也不行，令不能行，民不思治，这样相当有其表而无其身。在制与治上最关健的就是法，社会在进步，法也要变，既然要利国利民，又要状大根基。而根基在人民。
      要具体说完，还有很多，但我的主要观点已经说出来了。最后，祝愿中巴两国共同强大，兄弟之情永世长存。

[sobank]

google translate for above post.

China and Pakistan are the two neighboring countries, the exchange before the 20th century, a lot, but with those few. After the founding of New China, China and Pakistan as the most iron of the two brothers, may initially with common interests. But decades later, many events have proven: the relationship between China and Pakistan have been far beyond the common interests, from the brother to a common destiny. May the friendship between the two countries as fraternal blood, like, forever linked together.
India and China in recent decades, the struggle turned into competition, as rivals, but there are some links. India is the enemy of China, as the struggle between India and Pakistan. The relationship between China and Pakistan are brothers, no matter what difficulties, another should come forward. The situation is now the Pakistan Joint constraints India. Even without the threat of India and Pakistan are brothers too.
Although I can not fully translated, but fortunately today a better translation software, I can read most of the meaning of the landlord. As for the comparison of India, I have some personal point of view:
Not the national economic strength has always been the soul. Magic in China before the 20th century, the proportion of the world generally maintained at 30% -50%. Can be regarded as the world economic power. So why has the history of modern China's humiliation? The reason is that there is no mixing of a strong comprehensive national strength. As for the discussion of comprehensive national strength and resolve, I will not separate note, and this point will have a better understanding of today's world. Country strong, and in the military, the soul of the people. Wealthy, unity, and some good warrior is extremely important. Look at the United States, the American people that it basically has two major advantages of wealth and warlike, so the country strong. But not quite powerful.
Country to be strong, first of all is that the system, then the rule. System is a system, a powerful country, the first in its policies and systems, the name of the political system is not a force, but whether it practical and useful test first to ensure the rapid and steady development of productive forces, and second, the effectiveness of the cohesion strength. Governance is governance, a better system and there is no effective control measures, does not work, so can not row, people do not think of governance, so quite without the identity of their table. System and governance in health is the most to law, social progress, laws have changed, since we benefits the country, but also like a large foundation. The foundation of the people.
Be specific finish, there are many, but my main point has been that out. Finally, I wish China and Pakistan jointly powerful brotherhood live forever.

[jhl]

China's top 500 enterprises reported smaller revenue gaps with their U.S. counterparts, while outperforming their worldwide competitors in profitability amid the nation's rapid economic recovery, an industrial ranking report showed Saturday.

China's top 500 enterprises chalked up 4.05 trillion U.S. dollars in operating revenues last year, equivalent to about 18 percent of the operating revenue total created by the world's top 500 companies in the same year, and the ratio was 2.62 percentage points lower than the figure recorded for the year earlier, according to a report released Saturday in Hefei, capital of east China's Anhui Province, by the China Enterprise Confederation (CEC) and China Enterprise Directors Association.

The average profit margin of China's top 500 enterprises was 5.44 percent in 2009, compared with 4.16 percent for the world's top 500 companies.

Further, the net profits of the Chinese heavyweights grew by more than 20 percent last year, faster than the 17 percent for the world's top 500. It was the second consecutive year that Chinese enterprises outshone their

foreign counterparts in annual profits.

Miao Rong, researcher with CEC, said despite the progress, China's top 500 enterprises obviously suffered from the impact of the global financial crisis as they reported slower growth in new employment and business revenues.

However, unlike the world's top 500 companies, most of which are service and high tech giants, a lion's share of China's top 500 businesses are traditional industrial enterprises in the fields of energy development, telecommunications and power generation, Miao noted.

"It is a tough job, in the short-term, to make Chinese corporations catch up with their foreign counterparts in terms of 'soft power' , such as the capability of resource integration, management expertise, brand building and intellectual property protection," he added.

Sinopec, Asia's leading refinery, topped the top 500 revenue list for the fifth consecutive year with 1.39 trillion yuan (about 204.41 billion U.S. dollars) in 2009. It was followed by the State Grid and PetroChina.

Also, private businesses were growing rapidly as five companies reported operating revenues exceeding 100 billion yuan. Huawei Technology Co Ltd, a telecommunication equipment producer, recently leaped into the world's top 500 enterprises club.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13478713.htm

Innovation in Chinese enterprises is steadily increasing with more patents filed and more funds invested in research and development (R&D), the China Enterprise Confederation (CEC) said Saturday.

The top 500 Chinese enterprises possessed 169,000 patents in 2010, up 13.3 percent from last year, according to a report released by the CEC.

Among the top 500 companies, 41 had more than 1,000 patents, while 36 companies owned more than 200 patents for innovations, the report said.

Chinese enterprises were also investing a larger share of their revenues into R&D.

Each of the top 500 firms allocated, on average, 775 million yuan (113.93 million U.S. dollars) into R&D, an increase of 14.4 percent from 2009 and accounting for 1.4 percent of their total revenues, the CEC said.

Of the 500 firms, 17 spent more than five percent of their revenues on R&D, while another 60 enterprises invested from five to 10 percent of their revenues into R&D, according to the report.

In 2009, China filed 7,946 international patents, up 29.7 percent from 2008 and ranking fifth in the world, according to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13478736.htm

Revenues in China's software industry rose by 29 percent year on year to reach 723.1 billion yuan (106 billion U.S. dollars) in the first seven months of 2010, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced Wednesday.

The growth rate was 6.8 percentage points higher than that in the same period last year, figures released by the MIIT show.

Revenue in July alone hit 118.3 billion yuan, an increase of 28.5 percent year on year.

Software design and development businesses reported 40.7 billion yuan in revenues in the first seven months, surging 78.1 percent year on year, while revenues from information technology consulting services totaled 72.6 billion yuan, up 36 percent.

Revenues from software products such as computer software rose 23.5 percent to hit 251 billion yuan, accounting for 35 percent of the sector's total revenues.

Export volume of software grew by 26.2 percent to 13.86 billion U.S. dollars in the first seven months, MIIT figures show.

Outsourcing services provided by the country's software industry rose by 32.9 percent to hit 1.49 billion U.S. dollars.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13473213.htm

China's installed power generation capacity has exceeded 900 million kilowatts Monday after a reactor with the second phase of Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant began operation in Guangdong Province, chief of the country's top economic planner said.

Zhang Ping, director of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), hailed the achievement as "a new stage of development" for China's power industry at a forum held in Beijing on nuclear power development.

"Starting from a weak basis, we have explored a path of healthy development for the country's electricity industry," Zhang told the forum.

According to the NDRC, it took China 38 years to raise its power generating capacity to 100 million kilowatts in 1987 from 1.85 million kilowatts when new China was founded in 1949.

Before topping the key mark of 900 millon kilowatts, China lifted its electricity generating capacity to 500 million kilowatts in 2005.

Zhang said China will continue to transform the growth pattern of the electricity industry and further facilitate its restructuring by producing more clean energy.

He said during the Eleventh Five-year (2006-2010) period, China has cut capacity at small thermal power plants by 71 million kilowatts to reduce heavy pollution emissions.

China now has the world's largest hydro power capacity of about 200 million kilowatts, and 22 million kilowatts of wind power capacity.

With 10 million kilowatts of capacity at six nuclear power plants, China plans to raise its nuclear power capacity to 60 million kilowatts by 2020, Zhang Guobao, director of the National Energy Administration (NEA), said in an interview last month.

China has long relied on coal to fuel its economic growth as about three quarters of its electricity output is produced by coal-fired power stations.

China's power consumption reached 397.5 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) in August, up 14.69 percent year on year, according to the NEA statistics released this month.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13521557.htm

[jhl]

The number of passengers traveling on China's railway set a new daily record on Oct.1 driven by holiday makers and improved rail transport capacity, railway authorities said Saturday.

Daily railway passenger traffic on Friday hit 8.3 million riders, up 19.8 percent year on year and overtaking the daily record of 7.1 million set on May 1 during the Labor Day holiday, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) said.

Friday's figure also outnumbered the previous day by 1.8 million, the MOR said.

Over the past four days more than 24 million people in China chose to travel by train, which is 10.3 percent higher than the figure during the same period last year, said the ministry.

Thanks to China's increased transport capacity, stemming partially from high-speed railway construction, railway authorities managed to meet the travel demands of holiday makers, which are dominated by travelers and those who were returning home.

China's weeklong National Day holiday begins on Friday.

China has 7,055 kilometers of high-speed railway in service, which is the world's longest, said He Huawu, chief engineer of the MOR.

By 2012, China will have a railway network of 110,000 kilometers, 13,000 kilometers of which will be high-speed rail, according to the MOR.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13540432.htm

The trade between China and African countries will rebound from a year ago and exceed 100 billion U.S. dollars again this year, according to forecast by the Ministry of Commerce (MOC).

The MOC data showed trade between China and Africa jumped sharply by 65 percent year on year to 61.2 billion U.S. dollars in the first half of this year.

Due to the global economic downturn last year, China-Africa trade fell 14.7 percent from the previous year to 91.06 billion in 2009, compared with 106.8 billion U.S. dollars in 2008, according to the MOC.

The Chinese government supports reputable Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa on the principle of equality, mutual benefit and common development, the MOC said.

More than 1,600 Chinese enterprises are now investing in Africa in the fields of agriculture, mining, processing and manufacturing, infrastructure facilities and commerce, according to the MOC.

The MOC announced in July this year that China would cease levying tariffs on 60 percent of imports from 26 least developed African nations as of July 1 this year.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13540915.htm

Though 61 is a mature age for people, the new China, which celebrated the 61st anniversary of its founding on Oct. 1, is still in its adolescence, developing rapidly and full of the vigor of a young man.

Also like a youth, the country has experienced growing pains over those contradictions between its self-perception and recognition by its peers.

China has been on track for rapid development during the three decades since its reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, as gross domestic product (GDP) jumped to more than 34 trillion yuan (5.08 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2009, from 364.52 billion yuan in 1978.

Even the global financial crisis failed to slow the country's developing momentum, with an annual growth rate of 9.1 percent last year, outshining its developed counterparts, such as the U.S. and Japan.

Despite the impact from the economic downturn, China also replaced Germany as the world's third largest economy and largest exporter last year, and overtook the U.S. to become the world's largest auto market.

What's more, in the second quarter of this year, China's GDP exceeded that of Japan for the first time.

Zhuang Jian, chief economist with the Asian Development Bank, praised the achievements China has accomplished during the past three decades, saying its strong growth has boosted the confidence of the Chinese people and encouraged them to work harder for a better future.

As China's economic clout grows, so do suspicions, criticism and even intentional exaggerations. Different readings on China's development have caused confusion - is China still a developing nation or a developed one?

The Chinese government has reiterated its status as a developing nation, while some insisted that China could no longer be called an emerging economy, and thus held China accountable for more responsibilities in its trade surplus, exchange rate, emission reductions and energy consumption. There is also fear that the emerging China would be a threat to other nations.

Premier Wen Jiabao said in September at the UN General Assembly that China was still in the "primary stage of socialism" and remains a developing country.

"These are our basic national conditions. This is the real China," he said.

Wen stressed this point with data showing that, although China's GDP ranks it as the world's third largest economy, per capita GDP is only one-tenth of those of advanced countries. China's further development is constrained by its shortage of resources, as well as energy and environmental problems, he added.

Experts believe that the growing Chinese economy is too large to be ignored, despite it still being a developing economy.

Wang Jun, a researcher with the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said China would continue its relatively fast economic growth for an extended time, a fact that would be difficult for some nations to accept in the short term. This also requires constant adjustments in how China views its own development, as well as how other nations see China, he said.

"Misunderstandings and conflicts are inevitable," Wang noted.

"I can't name another country in the world that has changed so much in so short a time," said Patrick Chovanec, an associate professor at Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management in Beijing. He has been coming to China since 1986.

Chovanec noted that China has undergone one of the most rapid and dramatic social changes in history, and "it is still playing out".

"People around the world have a lot of uncertainty over what a more powerful China would look like and what it would mean for them. A lot of cultural and political differences remain, and some of them are pretty significant," said Chovanec. So it is understandable that people have some fears and concerns, he added.

Further, to deal with misjudgments, Zhuang Jian said China should be more involved in explaining its true self to the world as it becomes more involved in the international community.

Patrick Chovanec suggested China should "try to empathize, and develop a thick skin ... As it becomes more powerful, China is going to be on the receiving end of more, not less, criticism. "

Sheng Hong, director of the Beijing-based Unirule Institute of Economics, warned of self-complacency and arrogance, saying the larger one's economy grows, the more cautious and humble it should become.

"China should take some criticism seriously, apart from that criticism based upon purposely harmful intentions, which could help step up its economic and political reform. Also, a clear understanding of its real strength would help the government to make the right decisions," he said.

Zhuang Jian said China's strong economic growth, mainly fueled by its large investment of resources and capital, is unsustainable, inefficient and energy-consuming, remaining vulnerable to the changes of the outside world.

China has a long way to go to catch up with the developed nations in terms of per capita GDP, and China is lagging far behind in terms of industrialization, Wang Jun said.

The biggest challenge that China will face in this century is how to achieve sustainable development, he said, adding that the imbalance of regional development, income disparities and the widening gap between state-owned and private firms are also among the difficulties China must face during its future development.

Additionally, Sheng Hong said China has to step up its reforms in becoming a market economy to achieve sustainable development. For the achievements China has gained have been attributed to economic reforms, because of which millions of Chinese workers can now unleash their creativity, rather than only their hands.

China should also accelerate political reforms, including restraining and effectively supervising its administrative power to match the economic reforms, said Sheng.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13543099.htm

China's homegrown fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication standard has been selected as one of six global benchmarks by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said on Thursday.

LTE-Advanced and 802.16m - the categories which cover the six different 4G technology standards - were both approved at an ITU conference in Chongqing this week, according to the ministry.

The ministry also said ITU will complete its 4G International Standard Proposal Book by the end of 2011, which will be officially released at the beginning of 2012. Then, the 4G international standards will be formally established.

The TD-LTE-Advanced technology has a download speed of 100 megabytes per second, faster than the preceding third-generation TD-SCDMA technology.

Industry analysts said Chinese telecom enterprises are set to benefit from the TD-LTE 4G standard, as it will help to open both domestic and overseas markets for them.

"The situation now is very different from 10 years ago, when TD-SCDMA was set up as a 3G international standard," said Yang Hua, secretary-general of TD Industry Association in China.

He said because China lacked an industry eco-system at that time, the use of TD-SCDMA technology was largely restrained to the domestic market.

International enterprises were wary of investing in a technology developed in China, especially when it had not undergone a market test.

"But now, we have a good technological base, which means the period of the 4G industrialization process will be greatly shortened," said Yang. "That offers opportunities for Chinese companies to expand their businesses overseas."

China Mobile launched its TD-SCDMA service in January 2009, and the largest mobile operator in the world will have invested 100 billion yuan ($15 billion) in it by the end of this year.

Prior to September, the company had 15.27 million TD-SCDMA subscribers. Overall, it has 507 million subscribers, most of them using second-generation technologies.

Chen Jinqiao, deputy chief engineer from the China Academy of Telecommunication Research, said equipment manufacturers such as Datang and Huawei will among the first to profit from the use of TD-LTE-Advanced.

"They have invested large sums of money in the research phase, but they will benefit when the 4G network goes into construction," Chen said.

Telecom operators will reap rewards when they provide richer applications for customers. Their services will become faster, smoother and with higher resolution in the 4G age, Chen said.

Nearly all the best known international telecom companies, such as Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung, are engaged in the TD-LTE industry. They are determined not to miss out on the Chinese market again as they did in TD-SCDMA era, Yang at TD Industry Association said.

"They lost many China Mobile contracts when bidding against companies such as Huawei and ZTE, because they ignored the development of TD-SCDMA and offered very few competent products," Yang said.

Shi Guang, secretary-general of TD Forum, said Chinese telecom companies in the TD-LTE industry chain will be presented with a great business opportunity when they enter the international market.

"They will go head-to-head with global companies. Who dares say that another Huawei or ZTE may not emerge in the process?" Shi asked.

According to a survey by Ovum, an international market consulting company, the TD-LTE technology will earn about $150 billion in revenue by 2015.

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...81/7173921.html

[LD-cnh]

he he he..
all spooofed statistics of the Communists!!

One word: India has democracy, the freedom.
We are free people.

I can abuse Atal Bihari Vajpayee and still live to see the next day.

If you don't write good about CHina and if you try to post dissenting views, you will be arrested and will probably spend your lifetime in Jail....

or if you walk out of your house without ID papers to prove your residence, you can be trashed...

Man, this is the difference. Only difference.

All the Chinese statistics are just propaganda. Trash that is.

You are just a Chinese blind and What you said about China are ridiculous mistake
  

[jhl]

China's Wen Jiabao recently concluded visits to Pakistan and the land of the hindoos, mistakenly called india. Some very interesting issues could be observed.

China did not give in to any of the hindoo demands. China rejected the hindoo claims on Pakistan. China will not abandon Pakistan regardless of what the hindoos do or say.

For several years now there's been a hindoo belief it can extract concessions from China by playing the "alliance against China" card. Unless China gives in on issues such as Pakistan, Kashmir, the China border etc. it could "join" the US and others in a "alliance against China". Similarly, it has offered itself to the United States against China in return for concessions as far back as the Bill Clinton years. This is wishful thinking from the Chinese point of view. While the US would like to contain China, it doesn't desire the open conflict like the hindoos do. Nor does Japan, Vietnam, South Korea and so on. In the kind of conflict the hindoo elite want, they will most likely be left standing alone.

By rejecting every hindoo demand, China looks to have called their bluff. The hindoos are free to create or join any alliance against China, but China doesn't care. They won't be getting any concessions from China. Nor will China let itself be used to extract favors from the Unites States and others.

Terrorism should not be linked to a certain religion or people, and the international community should fully support and respect Pakistan's chosen road of development, Premier Wen Jiabao said on Sunday.

Pakistan has made "huge sacrifices and great contributions" in combating terrorism on the frontline, and its efforts are recognized by the world, Wen said during an address to a joint session of Pakistan's parliament in Islamabad. During his address, Wen said: "And the thing that I want to say most, is that China and Pakistan are forever brothers."

Just before Wen spoke, a loud voice rang out from the audience: "Long live Pakistan-China friendship." Smiling, the premier commenced his speech by extending greetings in Urdu.

Wen's half-hour speech was interrupted more than 30 times by applause. He thanked Islamabad for its help following the 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake that hit Sichuan province in 2008.

"Pakistan gave us all its reserved tents and provided emergency assistance right after the quake happened," Wen said, stressing that China will always firmly support its neighbor's development.

Noting Pakistan's efforts in combating terrorism, Wen said the focus should be on eradicating the "root factors breeding terrorism".

"Double standards should not be employed," he said.

Wen was the first Chinese leader and the sixth foreign dignitary to address a joint session of Pakistan's parliament.

"Terrorist activities in Pakistan are very complex and we have to view Islamabad's pressure objectively," said Ye Hailin, an expert on Asian studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Ye said there are some misperceptions on the country's anti-terror strategy.

"It would be wrong for others to shun responsibility and blame Pakistan for not doing enough. Nevertheless, China appreciates the work done by its neighbor and would like to help it enhance its capability," Ye added.

A number of countries have criticized Pakistan for not doing enough to combat terror.

Suicide attacks and bombings have killed 4,000 people across Pakistan since 2007, according to AFP.

Pakistan needs foreign investment to rebuild its infrastructure, which has been severely damaged by both natural disasters and terrorist attacks, Ye said.

Michele Flournoy, US undersecretary of defense for policy, said Washington must prove its commitment to Pakistan with civilian as well as military support, according to the Associated Press of Pakistan.

Wen met on Saturday with top Pakistan military officials and exchanged views with them on defense cooperation and other matters.

China is actively involved in all sectors of reconstruction work in the country and would like to deepen cooperation in the fields of energy, agriculture and infrastructure, as well as enhance communication between the young generation of the two countries, Wen said.

Agreements and trade deals formalized by business leaders and cabinet ministers during Wen's three-day visit to the country amounted to around $35 billion, according to AFP.

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...83/7235825.html

This policy is best for China. The hindoos are a people China is best off without. They have proven themselves to be China's worst neighbour by far. For too long, China has had to put up with the hindoo approach of "repeat a lie often enough and it becomes the truth". They still refuse to reveal the truth about their failed invasion of China in 1962. Earlier this year they again refused to open the Brooks Henderson report. Recall how after their failed attempts to foment unrest in Tibet, the hindoos themselves tried to expand their territory shortly after their successful invasion and annexation of Goa a few months earlier.

Chief information commissioner Wajahat Habibullah on Wednesday said the Henderson-Brooks report -- the operation review of the 1962 Sino-India war -- revealed the incompetence of the Indian military top brass.

Habibullah, who read the report before rejecting journalist Kuldip Nayar's request to disclose the contents under the Right to Information Act, said, "The report reveals the incompetence of the military top brass. But that was not why we rejected the plea for its disclosure. The Commission felt that the the report hinged on the question, which are still items of negotiation between India and China."

While the government has been persistent in keeping the document under wraps through the years, there have been reports published-- notably by Neville Maxwell in 2001 -- that have divulged details of how things went wrong in 1962.

The Commission had denied disclosure of the Henderson Brooks report in 2009 on the ground that it could endanger national security.

"We have examined the report specifically in terms of its bearing on present national security. There is no doubt that the issue of the India-China border particularly along the North-east parts of India is still a live issue with ongoing negotiations between the two countries on this matter," CIC had reasoned last year.

"The disclosure of information of which the Henderson Brooks report carries considerable detail on what precipitated the war of 1962 between India and China will seriously compromise both security and the relationship between India and China, thus having a bearing on both internal and external security," it had added.

The Henderson Brooks report was prepared by Lt General Henderson Brooks and Brig Prem Bhagat as part of an internal review conducted on the Army's operation strategy in the North-east. The report was prepared on the orders of the then Chief of Army Staff General J N Chaudhuri.

Applicant Kuldip Nayar had requested for the report to be made public, arguing that the document was 43 years old, and should have been formally available in the National Archives of India.

On being denied the information, Nayar had also pointed out that the papers related to Vietnam had been disclosed by the USA and the administration could not use the plea that the information was classified and sensitive.

According to the defence ministry, the report was not even submitted to the government let alone placed in public domain. The report also included information on deployments that has a "direct bearing on the question of the demarcation of the Line of Control between India and China, a live issue under examination between the two countries at present".

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/A...how/6434507.cms

To this day it regularly lies about Chinese incursions. Last year for instance, they claim some border guards had been killed by Chinese forces. Yet, when asked they could not provide any bodies or names of those killed. Proof they blatantly lied and faked the whole story.

Frankly, this should not come as any surprise. Throughout history much has been written about the hindoo belief that dishonesty and deceit are traits not only acceptable but even necessary. Just read their folklore or books like Hegel, available in any well stocked library.

A U.S. based study found that Indian scientists were more likely to cheat when reporting scientific results than scientists from other countries.

Over the past ten years, 50 academic papers were submitted. Out of which 17 were withdrawn. All the papers were related to life sciences. 34 percent of the papers were rejected as there was some kind of fraud or fake information. The papers were found to have copy findings of other scientists, made up theories and some were fudged from many findings.

The Society for Scientific Values tracks such cases, which is run by volunteers.

Independent scientists such as Bob O'Hara confirmed the result. He found that Indian scientists' papers were five times more likely to be retracted for fraud than those by scientists of other countries.

Dinesh Abrol, a senior scientist at the National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies in New Delhi said that it was not a new thing and that many of the senior scientists had been involved in such frauds. Earlier this year, leaders of the nation's top science organizations, or academies, had to apologize when a high-level inter-academy report on genetically modified crops was found to contain lifted text.

Indian Scientists are lucky as there are no nationally framed rules for punishing research fraud. But Institutions stand responsible for their scientists and their actions.

http://wwww.siliconindia.com/shownews/Indi...-nid-74614.html

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101130/jsp/...ry_13238575.jsp

Almost one-third of Indians are "utterly corrupt" and half are "borderline", the outgoing head of the country's corruption watchdog has said, blaming increased wealth for much of the problem.

Pratyush Sinha, who retired as India's Central Vigilance Commissioner this week, said the worst part of his "thankless job" was observing how corruption had increased as people became more materialistic.

"When we were growing up I remember if somebody was corrupt, they were generally looked down upon," he said. "There was at least some social stigma attached to it. That is gone. So there is greater social acceptance."

Transparency International, the global anti-graft body, puts India 84th on its corruption perception index with a 3.4-point rating, out of a best possible score of 10.

New Zealand ranks first with 9.4 points and Somalia last on 1.1 points.

The campaign group has said that each year millions of poor Indian families have to bribe officials for access to basic public services.

Sinha told the Mint newspaper in an interview published on Tuesday that 20 percent of Indians were "honest, regardless of the temptations, because this is how they are. They have a conscience.

"There would be around 30 percent who would be utterly corrupt. But the rest are the people who are on the borderline," he said, adding that corruption was "palpable".

Sinha said that in modern India "if somebody has a lot of money, he is respectable. Nobody questions by what means he has got the money."

Recent corruption scandals in India have focused on construction projects for the Commonwealth Games that open in New Delhi next month, and alleged tax evasion in the lucrative Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket tournament.

India is also regarded as a hotbed of illegal betting syndicates, with gamblers and bookmakers involved in "spot-fixing" -- the gambling that has engulfed the current Pakistani cricket tour of England.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has often spoken out against the damaging effect that bribes, extortion and fraud have on all levels of life, and warned that the problem threatens India's future economic prospects.

http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/artic...chaxFAvnwvSGvEA

The hindoos also like to point out their GDP growth as "proof" they are a rising power and therefore it would be wise for any country to accomodate them and their demands. But those who have been to the land of the hindoos and seen it with their own eyes think their statistics are fabricated. People like famous investor Jim Rogers.

What kind of growth do you see in China?

Rogers: I have no idea. I know that it's booming. I know that every time I go to China, and I've been going to China for 26 years -- the first time I went it was 1984 -- and I assure you China is growing very rapidly and doing a lot of things right. Whether it's 8% or 12%, I mean you look at the Indians. Who can believe the Indian [growth] number; certainly not me.

I've been going to India for many years, too, and I know they're not growing as fast as China, but they claim to be. The Indians wait for the Chinese to announce their growth numbers and then they announce theirs. They want to make sure they are in the same league. But all of these numbers are made up; you must understand that by now.

http://www.thestreet.com/story/10949845/3/...ommodities.html

[jhl]

Chinese parents and education experts have shrugged off a report from an international organization saying Shanghai students are the smartest in the world.

This follows students from east China's metropolis Shanghai topping a report released Tuesday by the Paris-based Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), with results that reportedly "stunned" western educators.

"As it stands right now, America is in danger of falling behind," U.S. President Barack Obama was quoted as saying by the New York Times as he commented on the rise of China's education in a speech to a college audience in North Carolina.

But Chinese parents and educators say the performance of Shanghai students was no proof of a successful education system in China where students are burdened with an excessive workload and there exists a large gap in education resources between different regions..

"Admittedly, Chinese students are comparatively knowledgeable and have very strong learning skills. But they were results of pressure from school, family and society," said Xiong Bingqi, a renowned professor with Jiaotong University who specializes in education in China.

Chinese students work extra long hours on school days and continue to have classes on weekends and holiday. It is hard for them not to perform well on tests, he added.

Xiong said the OECD result did not surprise him. A similar test of 28,000 Shanghai ninth graders in 2008 showed that their learning skills were at least as good as Finnish and Swedish students.

"It would be dangerous to take it as a great feat of China's efforts as having improved its education. We must not let the good test results hide away the problems of education in China," Xiong said. Many Chinese parents agreed with him.

"Chinese children are victims of a test-oriented education system. We have no reason to celebrate the result of another test," said Shanghai mother Guan Jiaojiao.

Guan said Chinese children lack the ability to solve real questions and are not independent enough because they spend too much time learning. But she sees to it that her 16-year-old son attends a three-hour training on math every Saturday. "I don't like it, but my son's future is at stake."

"Better educational outcomes are a strong predictor for future economic growth," said OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria.

Cai Fang, head of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, sees opportunity for economic growth in the potential of China's educational development.

China's education still lags far behind that of developed countries. China will see a significant increase in its labor productivity with the improvement of education, Cai said.

Research shows labor productivity will generally rise by 17 percent when the average education of a company's workforce is extended by one year. If all of a company's workers are high school graduates, then its productivity could jump by 66 percent if each of its workers has a college degree, he explained.

"Improving education, especially in rural and inland China, will extend the demographic dividend of the country and sustain the competitiveness of the country's manufacturing industry," Cai said.

But Xiong, among others, worries whether China's educational system can produce enough talented citizens who can support the country in its bidding for social and economic transformation.

The greatest disadvantage of China's education is the cultivation of personality, integrity and innovation, which is vital for the making of true talents, Xiong said.

According to a survey by the International Assessment of Educational Progress in 2009, China was at the bottom in all 21 polled countries in its students' imagination and ranked 17th in children's creativity. However, they ranked first in math skills.

Amid criticism, China issued a 10-year national education plan (from 2010 to 2020) on July 29, pledging to build an assignment burden monitoring and reporting mechanism to lessen the burdens on primary and secondary school students.

Education reform was also included in the proposed 12th Five-Year Plan, a roadmap for China's development from 2011 to 2015, right after economic growth.

According to the plan proposed by the Communist Party of China's Central Committee, China will strive to improve education, enhance people's ability to innovate and expand the pool of creative talents to build an innovation-oriented country with more advanced science and technologies, a better-educated work force and innovative management mechanisms.

It is imperative for educators and the authorities to find a way to free Chinese children from heavy burdens and encourage development of personality so that they can learn to innovate, to think independently and to apply their knowledge in practice, Xiong said.

"It's not a simple task. Changes must be made in schools, in exams, in higher education and in the job market," he said.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13643778.htm

China's auto sales are expected to reach 18 million units this year as sales in the first 11 months hit 16.4 million, figures released Thursday by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) showed.

The full-year sales projection by the CAAM Thursday has exceeded its previous forecast of 17 million units made in November.

China overtook the United States last year to become the world's largest auto market by selling 13.65 million vehicles, up 46 percent year on year, while production that year jumped 48 percent to reach 13.79 million units.

The 18-million-units total, if achieved, would mean an increase in both vehicle sales and production this year more than 30 percent from last year.

Production in the first 11 months this year also topped 16.4 million units, the figures showed, with production of passenger vehicles up 35.28 percent from a year earlier to 12.45 million units, while sales also rose 34.91 percent to reach almost 12.45 million units.

Production of commercial vehicles grew 28.96 percent from a year earlier to 3.95 million units, and sales rose 31.44 percent to 3.95 million units.

Almost 1.7 million vehicles were sold in November alone, a year-on-year increase of 26.9 percent. Vehicles produced in the month exceeded 1.75 million units, up 26.1 percent, the figures showed.

"The end of each year is usually the peak time for car sales and production in China," said Zhu Yiping, associate secretary-general of CAAM.

"We are expecting another surge in sales in December because people worry that the government might phase out tax reductions and subsidies for car purchases starting next year," Zhu Yiping said.

To boost the economy amid the economic downturn and spur the use of clean and fuel-efficient cars, the government slashed the car purchase tax from 10 percent to 5 percent in 2009 on vehicles with a displacement of less than 1.6 liters. From Jan. 1 this year, the tax for smaller-engine vehicles was set at 7.5 percent.

But the 10-percent tax for vehicles with bigger engines is still in place.

Buyers of vehicles with engines smaller than 1.6 liters also receive a 3,000-yuan subsidy.

People are also worried that the threshold of car purchases could be set higher next year in the county's major cities like Beijing, where almost 2,000 new cars hit the road every day.

These factors could be harbingers of another potential sales jump in the last month of 2010, securing China's hold on the world's largest auto market title, Zhu said.

According to the CAAM figures, SAIC Motor topped the sales at 3.27 million vehicles in the first 11 months, followed by Dongfeng Motor Corp. (2.47 million units), FAW (2.33 million units), Changan (2.16 million units), and the Beijing Automobile Works (1.36 million units).

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/busi.../c_13642345.htm

A China-made-and-launched communications satellite has for two years helped develop education and communications in Venezuela, especially in this South American nation's remote regions.

More than 1,700 education centers, 89 energy resource stations and 214 agricultural infrastructure points have been connected through the Venesat-1 satellite that was launched on Oct. 30, 2008 by China Great Wall Industry Corp. (CGWIC), a company statement said Wednesday.

CGWIC is the sole Chinese government-authorized commercial satellite launching company. It is also involved in international space cooperation.

In two years of operation, the satellite has promoted the development of telecommunications, broadcasting, remote education and medical services in Venezuela, the statement said.

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation built the satellite, which has a designed service period of 15 years.

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90...83/7217966.html

"Building roads before building wealth," a widely known slogan in China, was cited by Lao Deputy Prime Minister Somsavat Lengsavad.

Lengsavad was referring to a planned high speed railway for his country. As an inland country, Laos wants to counter its disadvantages of being land-locked by improving its transportation systems, Lengsavad said at the ongoing seventh World Congress on High Speed Rail in Beijing.

In April, Laos reached an agreement with China to establish a joint venture that will construct a railway linking China's southwestern Yunnan province and the Lao capital of Vientiane. The project will be launched in 2011, with an estimated construction time of four years, Lengsavad said.

Thailand, another country in Southeast Asia, is also partnering with China to improve its rail network.

In October, Thailand approved a negotiation framework for a project for Thailand-China cooperation on high-speed rail. Under the framework, the two countries will cooperate to build five railways designed for speeds of 250 km per hour at a cost of 22.5 to 25.5 billion U.S. dollars.

Regional traffic networks promote trade, investment as well as economic and social development, Thai Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Thuagsuban said at the conference.

China's high-speed rail is welcomed by its neighboring developing countries, not only for its competitive cost performance ratio, but for the great impetus it gives to economic and social development.

Some media even used "high-speed rail diplomacy" to describe the prosperity of China's construction of the rail network.

On the other side of the Pacific Ocean, Chinese enterprises have begun to enter the U.S. market.

General Electric Co. (GE) has announced the company and China's largest rail vehicle maker China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited (CSR) will invest 50 million dollars in a U.S. based joint venture to make high-speed trains.

"It's very good they (GE) can find a world-class partner here in China to work with. I'm sure it will benefit both companies and both countries as a result," said Bill Millar, president of the American Public Transportation Association.

Since 2003, China has signed agreements or memoranda of understanding for bilateral cooperation on rail with more than 30 countries, including the United States, Russia, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Poland and India.

In a post-crisis era, developing the low-carbon economy and seeking sustainable development has pushed for a third global wave of high-speed railway construction.

Under this circumstance, China's high-speed rail network has been developing quickly over the past years with a combined length totaling 7,531 kilometers, the world's longest.

During a latest test run on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in December, a CRH-380A train set a new speed record of 486.1 km per hour.

Chinese manufacturing sources said Tuesday China aimed to break the world high-speed rail record of 574.8 km per hour in a trial run next year.

All these are the basis for China's high-speed rail industry to "go abroad" and conduct international cooperation.

Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang said at the conference that China should open up wider to the outside world and enhance communication and cooperation with other countries in high-speed rail, while encouraging Chinese rail enterprises to "go abroad" and enhance friendship through cooperation.

Jean-Pierre Loubinoux, general director of the International Union of Railways (UIC), said the great development of Chinese high-speed rail has demonstrated that only by learning from each other can all seek a better and faster development.

"The cooperation on high-speed rail enhances cooperation between nations, thus advancing the industry to a higher standard," said E. Grillo Pasquarelli, director of Inland Transport of the European Commission.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/chin.../c_13641092.htm

[zhongguopengyou]

大多数中国人都把印度称之为“阿三” 甚至连我们自己都不清楚为什么称他为“阿三”，不过这并不妨碍我们从上至下对印度的轻视

[Lucas From China]

Singapore is also a dictatorship, which has lowest sorruption and highest income in the world. Democracy only works on the basis of western culture, especially when the country's average education level is low. Singapore has the similar culture as China! We'd rather choose to go by the Singapore's history path than poor India's.

I totally agree with you, man.

[Martian]

Indian economic growth slows down to 6.1% in Q3

I write posts on India for a few reasons. India is a big country. India aspires to be the "next China." There is a lot of interest about India and not much about countries like Turkey. Therefore, I discuss India's economy and not other countries.

Anyway, India's latest economic growth is 6.1%. This is not surprising. For a long time, I have been saying India's national debt and interest payments are a huge drag on its economy.

Basically, over the past decade, India borrowed over a hundred billion dollars to accelerate its economic growth. However, the downside is India has to divert more of its financial resources to service its foreign debt and interest payments. This will result in a lower economic growth rate like 6.1% for the foreseeable future.

Near the end of the article below, you will notice the Indian government has a budget deficit in excess of 4.6% of GDP. In other words, India is piling on more debt and interest payments for the future. Future Indian economic growth will remain weak, because interest payments will keep taking a larger and larger share of the government budget.

India is walking down the same debt-ridden path as the United States. At the earliest, it will take decades to repay the outstanding debt.

Last year, I believed it to be true and posted an article that predicted: "Economic growth in the world's [second] most-populous nation is expected to drop below 6 per cent."

I expect India's economy to keep slowing down over the next few years. When a country has that much debt and interest payments, it robs itself of the funds necessary to expand its industry. To me, this seems like Economy 101. It is intuitively obvious.

Economic growth slows down to 6.1% in Q3; lowest in over 2 years

"Economic growth slows down to 6.1% in Q3; lowest in over 2 years
Last Updated: Wednesday, February 29, 2012, 20:56



New Delhi: Impacted by high interest rates and global demand slowdown, Indian economy grew at 6.1 percent, the slowest in over two years, prompting corporates and experts to press for faster reforms to boost industrial output.

The economic growth rate in October-December 2011 declined mainly due to poor performance of manufacturing, mining and farm sectors. The economy had expanded by 8.3 percent during the corresponding quarter a year ago.

The falling growth rate may prompt the Reserve Bank to cut rates at its mid-quarterly policy review on March 15. Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee too is expected to announce steps to arrest contraction in growth in the Budget for 2012-13, to be presented in the Lok Sabha on March 16.

"There is of course, a deceleration of growth rate as far as this quarter GDP is concerned. We need to undertake reforms and speed up implementation of various programmes to revive growth (momentum)", said Govinda Rao, member of the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC).

According to the data released by Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), growth of the manufacturing sector during the quarter decelerated sharply to 0.4 percent from 7.8 percent during the same period a year ago. Farm sector output registered a growth 2.7 percent, down from 11 percent in Q3 of the last fiscal.

Mining and quarrying production contracted by 3.1 percent during the quarter under review, as against a growth of 6.1 percent in the corresponding period last fiscal.

The growth rate during April-December 2011-12 decelerated to 6.9 percent from 8.1 percent during the same period last fiscal.

"In such a situation, all policy levers should be used to drive a revival in the economy", said CII Director General Chandrajit Banerjee.

The data reveals that growth in the construction sector also slowed to 7.2 percent during October-December 2011-12 quarter from 8.7 percent in the same period a year ago.

The segment including trade, hotels, transport and communications recorded a growth of 9.2 percent during the period under review, as against 9.8 percent expansion in the year-ago period.

However, electricity, gas and water supply grew by a robust 9 percent in the October-December period, compared to 3.8 percent growth in the corresponding period last fiscal.

The growth of the services sector, including insurance and real estate, slowed to 9.9 percent in the third quarter ended December, compared to 11.2 percent expansion in Q3 of 2010-11.

"The figure is below market expectation. I think mining and manufacturing sectors need a serious attention as far as the GDP growth is concerned", said Rupa Rege-Nitsure, Chief Economist, Bank of Baroda.

On the possibility of RBI action to boost growth, she said, "there is need to focus on revival of investment climate. The RBI, sooner or later, will ease the rates".

On his part, Banerjee pitched for reduction of interest rates and said efforts were also needed to speed up clearances of projects and expedite implementation of the manufacturing policy.

In view of the slowing growth, the CII official urged the Finance Minister to refrain from raising excise duty in the forthcoming budget, arguing it would hurt the manufacturing sector.

Assocham Secretary General DS Rawat demanded immediate action to bring down the interest rate to boost growth.

RBI had increased the interest rates 13 times since March 2010 to October 2011 to arrest inflation. Although the RBI cut the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 0.5 percent at its last policy review, it refrained from reducing policy rates.

Advanced economies are witnessing tepid economic growth with some eurozone nations facing sovereign crisis. The International Monetary Fund last month had projected 2012 growth in the eurozone to (?) 0.5 percent from from 1.1 percent, with Italy and Spain projected to be in recession through most of 2012.

The slippage in growth rate during the third quarter may also have implications for the overall growth rate during 2011-12, besides the fiscal deficit, which is calculated as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The CSO has projected the GDP growth for 2011-12 at 6.9 percent, while the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) expects that it would be 7.1 percent.

The Indian economy expanded by 8.4 percent in 2010-11 and during the nine-month period in the current fiscal the growth rate worked out to be 6.9 percent.

The data also revealed that manufacturing growth in the nine-month period ending December, slowed to 3.4 percent as compared to 7.6 percent during the same period a year ago.

During April-December, output of mining and quarrying sector declined by 1.4 percent as against a positive growth of 6.7 percent in same period last fiscal.

The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector grew by just 3.2 percent in the nine month period, as against 6.8 percent expansion a year ago.

Growth of the construction sector stood at 4.2 percent during the 9-month period, compared to 7.7 percent in the same period last fiscal.

As regards the fiscal deficit during 2011-12, it is expected to exceed the budget target of 4.6 percent of the GDP, mainly on account of higher subsidy outgo and subdued receipts from disinvestment.

While the subsidy bill is estimated to exceed the budget estimates by about Rs 1 lakh crore, the government may not be able to manage more than Rs 14,000 crore through disinvestments against the target of Rs 40,000 crore."

[Martian]

Indian missile defense won't work against hypersonic Chinese ballistic missiles

Shooting down a Prithvi SRBM

Quote

Gentlemen, your view on this .....

The Hindu : News / National : Interceptor scores a direct hit on target missile

It depends on whether the interceptor shot down a Prithvi I/II or a Prithvi III SRBM.

A Prithvi I SRBM has a range of 150km. A Prithvi II has a range of 250km.

For an interceptor to shoot down a Prithvi I, it's really not that hard. A Prithvi I is liquid fueled, which should have a lower energy density than a solid-fueled missile. Also, given the limited range of 150km, the incoming warhead will have a very slow speed.

Shooting down a Prithvi II is better performance. Given the greater 250-350km range of a Prithvi II, the incoming warhead should travel a little faster than a Prithvi I.

Since a Prithvi III is solid-fueled and has the greatest range at 350-600km range. Shooting down a Prithvi III warhead would be the best performance, because the warhead should be traveling faster than a Prithvi I or II.

However, in the end, the interceptor only shot down a SRBM.

I would have to research the answer, but a SRBM warhead moves pretty slowly. It's nice for India to develop a defense against a SRBM.

I know a Chinese DF-21D ASBM travels at Mach 10. As far as I know, the United States has no reliable defense against an incoming IRBM warhead.

An ICBM warhead travels at Mach 23. No known conventional technology can intercept an incoming ICBM MARV. You might get lucky with a Nike Hercules-type nuclear interceptor, but then you'll become blind to the follow-up nuclear strike.

In conclusion, an interceptor against a SRBM is a nice beginning. To become truly useful, the technology must be extended and shown to reliably intercept Mach 10 IRBMs and Mach 23 ICBMs.

References:

http://en.wikipedia....i_%28missile%29

LGM-30 Minuteman III ICBM - United States Nuclear Forces

"Speed: Approximately 15,000 mph (Mach 23 or 24,000 kph) at burnout"

----------

Indian AAD/Prithvi interceptor won't work against China's DF-15 SRBM with MARV warhead

The Indian Prithvi AAD works only against dumb warheads that travel in a predictable trajectory. Basically, a Prithvi interceptor was used to shoot down another Prithvi SRBM.

A Chinese DF-15 SRBM is a completely different story. A DF-15 has a maneuverable warhead (MARV or maneuverable reentry vehicle). I don't think the U.S. can shoot down an incoming Mach 6 MARV under real world conditions.

Technically speaking, it is impossible for a supersonic Prithvi to intercept a Mach 6 DF-15 MARV warhead. You need a steerable hypersonic interceptor kill vehicle that can travel at least Mach 6 to have a chance.


Chinese DF-15 SRBM (short-range ballistic missile) with 600km range has a terminal velocity of over Mach 6. China's hypersonic DF-15 SRBM cannot be intercepted by slow-moving supersonic Indian AAD interceptor missile.

----------

DF-15 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"The DF-15 uses a solid fuel, single-stage rocket. It is vertically launched from an eight wheeled transporter erector launcher (TEL). The missile's trajectory is guided using small thrusters and an inertial guidance system on the warhead. The warhead is only a tenth of the size of the missile body. After the body and warhead separate, the body trails behind to camouflage the warhead. The terminal velocity of the missile is over Mach 6.[3]
...
Warhead One, with Maneuverable reentry vehicles [1]

Blast yield 350-500 kT"

----------

Too many intractable problems in defending against China

India has lots of problems.

1. Too many Chinese missiles. China has 1,800 SRBMs stationed near the Taiwan coast. It will bankrupt India to build that many interceptors.

2. Chinese DF-15 MARVs traveling at Mach 6 cannot be intercepted with current supersonic Indian AAD interceptor. The technology required is completely different.

3. China is working on stealth HN-2000 cruise missiles. India has a whole host of new problems in trying to protect its interceptor batteries.

4. In a few years, J-20 stealth fighters will be ready. India has to defend its military installations against J-20s as well.

5. India has to defend against WS-2C (350km range) and WS-2D (400km range) MLRS.

6. MIRV problem. The DF-31, DF-31A, and JL-2 all carry 3 MIRVs. It's more economical for China to build MIRVed missiles than it will ever be for India to build interceptors for each warhead. Also, the DF-41 with 10 MIRVs per missile is almost ready. It will never make sense to build 10 interceptors to defend against one DF-41.

I could extend the list, but you get the point. It's a bad position to be that far behind the technological curve.

It's a nightmare to try and build a defense system against a mature missile power like China. China will either destroy your missile defense system first (e.g. stealth strike or overwhelming missile strikes), evade it with MARVs, or overwhelm it with MIRVs.

----------

As far as I can tell, the U.S. seems to have lost enthusiasm for its ballistic missile defense (BMD) system. China can build triple-MIRVed DF-31A and 10-MIRVed DF-41 ICBMs a lot faster than the U.S. can build interceptors in Alaska.

[suryakiran]

Hello Martian (after a long time),

Preventing an incoming missile launch can be only stopped to a certain extent by any existing BMD in the world. The main objective is to deter the launch. And the thing that deters the launch, is an assurance that, if you launch, so will we. That's the best available BMD in the market. Hence, the increased emphasis in India on the Agni and the rest and the NSSBN to increase survivability of the launch platform.

Being behind in the technological curve, so long as you can assure the other side, that there will be a unaccetable level of retaliation is enough. The US is on the bleeding edge, China on the leading edge and India somewhere a step lower. So thats acceptable :-)

Cheers!

[Martian]

suryakiran, on 12 March 2012 - 01:21 PM, said:

Hello Martian (after a long time),

Preventing an incoming missile launch can be only stopped to a certain extent by any existing BMD in the world. The main objective is to deter the launch. And the thing that deters the launch, is an assurance that, if you launch, so will we. That's the best available BMD in the market. Hence, the increased emphasis in India on the Agni and the rest and the NSSBN to increase survivability of the launch platform.

Being behind in the technological curve, so long as you can assure the other side, that there will be a unaccetable level of retaliation is enough. The US is on the bleeding edge, China on the leading edge and India somewhere a step lower. So thats acceptable :-)

Cheers!

There is a serious flaw in your argument for MAD (mutually assured destruction) between China and India. China can completely destroy India, but India can only destroy a single Chinese city. That is not MAD.

India lacks thermonuclear technology and the compact warheads necessary to deliver the payload. India only has the missile delivery vehicle. You are missing the other two critical pieces for MAD: a compact thermonuclear warhead to mount on your long-range missiles.

You cannot make an argument for MAD when China has at least 294 megatons of thermonuclear firepower and India has 1 megaton of atomic firepower.

Rankings of world nuclear (thermonuclear/hydrogen P-5 and atomic/fission) powers


Stunning, Frightening, Explosive and Destructive Power: Detonation of an 11-megaton Thermonuclear Bomb, March 26, 1954
Operation Castle, ROMEO Event
Bikini Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands

Rankings of world P-5 (i.e. Five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council) thermonuclear powers by megatons of firepower:

1. Russia - 1,273 megatons

2. United States - 570 megatons

3. China - 294 megatons (China has over half the nuclear firepower of the United States)

4. France - 55 megatons

5. Britain - 16 megatons

Humorous fact: A single Chinese DF-3A/CSS-2 IRBM or DF-4/CSS-3 ICBM with a 3.3 megaton warhead has three times the destructive firepower of the entire Indian nuclear arsenal. In general, a thermonuclear warhead is roughly 100 times more powerful than an equivalent atomic warhead.

References:

Russia: NTI: Russia - Nuclear Disarmament
United States: NTI: United States - Nuclear Disarmament
China: NTI: China - Nuclear Disarmament
France: NTI: France - Nuclear Disarmament
Britain: NTI: United Kingdom - Nuclear Disarmament

----------

Rankings of atomic/fission bomb powers:

6. Israel: 1500-4000 kt (or 1.5 to 4 megatons)

7. India: 800 Kt ~ 1000 Kt. (or 0.8 to 1 megaton)

8. Pakistan: 600 kt - 1000 kt (or 0.6 to 1 megaton)

[Note: 1,000 kilotons equal only 1 megaton]

References:

Israel: NTI: Israel - Nuclear Disarmament
India: NTI: India - Nuclear Disarmament
Pakistan: NTI: Pakistan - Nuclear Disarmament

----------

China has an estimated 294 megatons of thermonuclear deterrence

Rankings of world thermonuclear powers by megatons of firepower:

1. Russia - 1,273 megatons

2. United States - 570 megatons

3. China - 294 megatons (China has over half the nuclear firepower of the United States)

4. France - 55 megatons

5. Britain - 16 megatons

References:

Russia: NTI: Russia - Nuclear Disarmament
United States: NTI: United States - Nuclear Disarmament
China: NTI: China - Nuclear Disarmament
France: NTI: France - Nuclear Disarmament
Britain: NTI: United Kingdom - Nuclear Disarmament

----------


China's "possible warhead assembly and production facilities" (source: NTI)

NTI: China - Nuclear Disarmament

People's Republic of China (PRC)
NPT Nuclear Weapon State

1. Arsenal Size:

Most opaque of the nuclear weapons state; limited open source information.
Operational strategic warheads: ~176 (Warheads in stockpile: 240)[1]

2. Key Delivery Systems:[2,3,4,5]

* Land-based missiles: Approximately 120.(ICBM: DF-4, DF-5A DF-31, DF-31A; MRBM: DF-3A, DF-21)
* Aircraft: 20 (Hong-6)
* SLBM: 1 Xia-class sub carrying12 JL-1s, never fully deployed; 2 Jin-class subs deployed, 1 under development can each carry 12 JL-2; however the JL-2s have not yet been deployed
* Cruise missiles: DH-10 (nuclear capable) 50-250 deployed
* No credible evidence to confirm that non-strategic weapons still remain in operational force

3. Estimated Destructive Power: 294[6]

4. Military Fissile Material Stockpile: (estimates)

Plutonium: 4 mt (+/- 20 %)[7]
HEU: 20 mt [8]

5. Disarmament and Commitments to Reduce Arsenal Size:

Legal obligation to pursue global disarmament under Article VI of the NPT[9]

Future Commitments:

In support of verifiable FMCT negotiation. The treaty should not cover existing stockpiles[10]

6. Nuclear Weapons Policies

1. Nuclear testing:

* Observed nuclear testing moratorium since July 1996.[12]
* Signed but not ratified CTBT[13]

2. Use of nuclear weapons:

* Adopted no-first use policy[14,15]


* Negative Security Assurances to NWFZ treaty members:

  Committed not to use nuclear weapons against members of:
  Tlatelolco, Rarotonga, and Pelindaba. Has not signed Bangkok, but reiterates its support.[16]


* Acknowledged the commitments of the NWS to negative security assurances in UN Security Council Resolution 984 (1995).[17]
* Expressed its support for legally binding unconditional negative security assurances.[18]

Sources:
[1] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Chinese Nuclear Forces, 2008," Nuclear Notebook, Natural Resources Defense Council, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, July/August 2008, pp 42-45, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
[2] Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Chinese Nuclear Forces, 2008," Nuclear Notebook, Natural Resources Defense Council, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, July/August 2008, pp 42-45, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
[3] Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat, National Air Space Intelligence Center, April 2009, Federation of American Scientists.
[4] Military Power of the People's Republic of China 2008, US Department of Defense, The Official Home of the Department of Defense.
[5] Chinese Nuclear Forces, Strategic Security Blog, Federation of American Scientists, Federation of American Scientists.
[6] Eliminating Nuclear Threats, ICNND Report, International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament.
[7] International Panel on Fissile Materials, Global Fissile Material Report 2009, IPFM International Panel on Fissile Materials - Mission.
[8] International Panel on Fissile Materials, Global Fissile Material Report 2009, IPFM International Panel on Fissile Materials - Mission.
[9] Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations & Regimes, Nuclear Threat Initiative: Home Page.
[10] Statement by Ambassador Jingye Cheng to the Conference on Disarmament, Geneva, 17 May 2006, Reaching Critical Will.
[11] Military Power of the People's Republic of China 2008, US Department of Defense, The Official Home of the Department of Defense.
[12] CTBTO website, Nuclear Testing page, Home: CTBTO Preparatory Commission.
[13] Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations & Regimes, Nuclear Threat Initiative: Home Page.
[14] Working Paper Submitted by China to the 2010 NPT Review Conference, 6 May 2010, Reaching Critical Will.
[15] Statement by the Chinese Delegation on the Issue of Security Assurances at the Third Session of the Preparatory committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference, 7 May 2009, Reaching Critical Will.
[16] NTI Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Tutorial Protocol Chart, Nuclear Threat Initiative: Home Page.
[17] NTI Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Tutorial, Chapter 3, Security Assurances, Nuclear Threat Initiative: Home Page.
[18] Working Paper Submitted by China to the 2010 NPT Review Conference, 6 May 2010, Reaching Critical Will.

[suryakiran]

Hello,

The assumption, you make, is that a government will risk receiving a nuclear strike. This in itself is flawed. If you believe, that let's say, even 10 nukes will take out only 1 city, I cannot argue further. Even, if you believe, that the minimum Indian arsenal is at 50 nukes, then that's not one city. By the way, Fat man was 21 kt and Little boy was 15kt or so. According to the argument presented, they are 'small'. I guess, they do the job :-).

The Indian doctrine on this topic is quite clear. Unacceptable damage to any opponent in case of a nuclear strike against us. A nuclear strike on 15 to 20 Chinese cities is unacceptable to the Chinese government. Or are you saying the Chinese are ready to sacrifice 20 cities?

Cheers!

[Martian]

suryakiran, on 12 March 2012 - 11:18 PM, said:

Hello,

The assumption, you make, is that a government will risk receiving a nuclear strike. This in itself is flawed. If you believe, that let's say, even 10 nukes will take out only 1 city, I cannot argue further. Even, if you believe, that the minimum Indian arsenal is at 50 nukes, then that's not one city. By the way, Fat man was 21 kt and Little boy was 15kt or so. According to the argument presented, they are 'small'. I guess, they do the job :-).

The Indian doctrine on this topic is quite clear. Unacceptable damage to any opponent in case of a nuclear strike against us. A nuclear strike on 15 to 20 Chinese cities is unacceptable to the Chinese government. Or are you saying the Chinese are ready to sacrifice 20 cities?

Cheers!

Under your best case scenario, which is highly debatable, China suffers partial damage to 20 cities. This is unlikely for many reasons. Firstly, China has proven mid-course ground-based-interceptors (GBI). Secondly, China has conventional anti-ballistic missile defense. Thirdly, China is most likely to possess Nike Hercules-class nuclear anti-missile missiles.

It is entirely possible that no Indian missile will penetrate China's layered defense. Even if one Indian atomic missile gets through, China has nuclear bunkers under its major cities. The civilian casualty should be limited.

However, the second that an Indian atomic ballistic missile crosses the Himalayan border, Indian civilization has just committed suicide. Unless you are advocating Indian self-induced extermination, no Indian ballistic missile will dare to cross the Chinese border.

If China decides to unload its thermonuclear arsenal on India, there won't be a single survivor. You cannot deter China with one megaton of atomic weaponry. That is the simple truth.

India is an embryonic atomic nuclear power. China is a mature thermonuclear power since 1967. It is ridiculous to claim that India can deter China with mutually assured destruction with one megaton against at least 294 Chinese megatons.

Without using its ICBM force, China can eradicate all of India with its 50+ launch pads for IRBM (intermediate range ballistic missile) thermonuclear missiles in Tibet. This has been true for decades.

http://www.fas.org/b...ntral-china.php

"Extensive Nuclear Missile Deployment Area Discovered in Central China


More than 50 launch pads for nuclear ballistic missiles have been identified scattered across a 2,000 square kilometer (772 square miles) area of central China, according to analysis of satellite images.

By Hans M. Kristensen

Analysis of new commercial satellite photos has identified an extensive deployment area with nearly 60 launch pads for medium-range nuclear ballistic missiles in Central China near Delingha and Da Qaidam.

The region has long been rumored to house nuclear missiles and I have previously described some of the facilities in a report and a blog. But the new analysis reveals a significantly larger deployment area than previously known, different types of launch pads, command and control facilities, and missile deployment equipment at a large facility in downtown Delingha.

The U.S. government often highlights China’s deployment of new mobile missiles as a concern but keeps the details secret, so the discovery of the deployment area provides the first opportunity for the public to better understand how China operates its mobile ballistic missiles."

http://rupeenews.com...china-tensions/

"Beijing’s Missile in Tibet, & Hainan Naval base scare Delhi: Dramatic rise in India-China tensions

Posted on September 7, 2009 by Moin Ansari

The Chinese Red dragon’s reach has scared the pants off the Indian elephant. Many have predicted a war between India and China within the next few years. Some called that prediction alarmist. First there were repeated statements from Delhi that China was their biggest enemy and threat. Then news stories that China has built a huge infrastructure on the undefined and undemarcated Mcmohan line (the de factor border between India and China). Now the escalating tensions are sounding alarm bells around the world. The Federation of American Scientist has just published pictures of Chinese missiles which can target all of India. The incompetent intelligence agencies of India didn’t have a clue about the missiles. Any high school drop out could have paid a commercial satellite a nickel and gotten the pictures of the satellites. The fact that the FAS pictures has so unnerved Delhi that it has decided to form to new intelligence agencies is a subject of much discussion around the world..."

----------

China has a minimum of 1,924 thermonuclear warheads. Here's why.

Let's see whether my minimum estimate of 1,924 Chinese thermonuclear warheads makes sense.

1. From the DF-31As alone, there should be 144 ICBM thermonuclear warheads. The DF-31A was deployed in 2007. Add 12 new DF-31As for each subsequent year. Now multiply 48 ICBMs by 3 MIRVs for each missile.

China showed us 12 DF-31A TELs at the 2009 Chinese military parade.

We know China launches satellites on 15 to 20 Long March/DF-31A rockets each year. Britain`s International Institute of Strategic Studies' claim that China is adding a brigade or 12 DF-31As to its arsenal each year looks reasonable. Since China manufactures 15 to 20 Long March rockets each year, China can easily produce 12 DF-31A missiles each year.

2. From the DF-5s, there are another 20 ICBMs with 4 to 5 megatons each. Richard Fisher has reported on the deployment of a DF-5B with 5 or 6 MIRVs. We do not know whether the DF-5B is a new missile or a retrofitted and upgraded DF-5.

Since we're trying to make a reasonable minimum estimate, we will just assume the DF-5Bs are upgrades of the existing DF-5s. The sum of 20 upgraded DF-5s is 100 warheads.

DF-5 had its first flight in 1971 and has been in service since 1981.

The Pentagon claims China built 20 DF-5s and then just stopped. Essentially, the Pentagon is claiming China never built a single additional DF-5 for 30 years from 1981 to 2011. Who believes that China has been an angel and did not build another DF-5 for thirty years?!

3. There is at least a dozen DF-31, which can reach Alaska, Hawaii, or the northwestern United States. This is another 12 ICBM warheads. Since the DF-31As are reportedly MIRVed, we will assume the DF-31s are also MIRVed with 3 warheads each. The total is 36 DF-31 warheads.


Here, we see nine DF-31s; which were first seen at China's 1999 military parade.

The Pentagon claims China only built 12 DF-31s by 1999 and just stopped. Let me get this straight. China spent billions of dollars to develop its most advanced solid-fueled ICBM by 1999 and only built 12?! Are you going to believe the Pentagon propaganda?

An U.S. general testified in front of Congress that China was at least 10 years away from building a conventional ASAT missile in 2007. That very afternoon, China successfully destroyed a weather satellite with an ASAT weapon. So much for military intelligence at the Pentagon.

4. According to Jane's Defence, the "Chinese are believed to have started the design and development of the Dong Feng-41 (DF-41) in 1986." It's been over 15 years. China has shown us an operational and deployed DF-31A. There is no reason to believe that the DF-41 has not been fully developed and become operational. It's just a longer and slightly wider missile.

The DF-41 could easily vault China into eventual parity with the United States in the total number of warheads. Ten DF-41s result in 100 150-kiloton warheads. One hundred DF-41s would increase China's nuclear arsenal by 1,000 ICBM warheads.

Since 1986, according to Jane's Defence, China has been developing the DF-41 ICBM (which is capable of carrying 10 MIRVs).

According to GlobalSecurity, "it is anticipated that the DF-41 will be delivered to the 2d Artillery around the year 2010." In other words, the DF-41 has probably already been deployed.

Why should we believe GlobalSecurity? Let's use our common sense. The DF-41 has been in development for over 15 years. It can't stay in development for perpetuity. Given China's previous mastery of the DF-31 and DF-31A, fifteen years should be plenty of time to build a longer-range DF-41.

5. No one knows how many ICBMs China is hiding in its 5,000km Underground Great Wall. I think a sensible person would not claim that China spent ten years building the Underground Great Wall to only place an ICBM every 100km. Similarly, most reasonable people would not claim that China is hiding one ICBM every 1km.

As a rough estimate, a reasonable person would most likely assume that China is hiding one ICBM every 10km. 5,000km / 10km per hidden ICBM = 500 ICBMs hidden in China's Underground Great Wall. Assuming each ICBM is MIRVed with three warheads, I estimate China is hiding 1,500 ICBM warheads in its Underground Great Wall.


China spent ten years building its "'Underground Great Wall' that stretches for more than 5,000km in the Hebei region of northern China."

The Pentagon currently assigns ZERO ICBMs to China's Underground Great Wall. As best as I can understand, their logic is "well, we can't see it...so we're going to say there are no ICBMs there." Seriously, what kind of military assessment is that? It's just as bad as the Pentagon's ASAT assessment.

The 5,000km underground complex was specifically built for a Chinese thermonuclear counterstrike.

I estimate there are probably 500 ICBMs hidden in the 5,000km facility in Hebei, China. I want to mention that China doesn't need 500 launch silos. A missile can be fired from a silo and another missile can be reloaded in its place. Let's assume China plans to reload five missiles for each silo. This means China would only need 100 silos over a 5,000km distance.

I can assure you the claim of only 20 Chinese ICBM silos is ludicrous. The length of a DF-21 IRBM is 11m. The length of a DF-31 ICBM is 13m. If a silo is dug a little deeper and wider, it can accommodate an ICBM; instead of an IRBM.

In the following video, which encompasses only a few mountains, I counted at least 30 silos. We know from a Chinese-state television CCTV broadcast on March 24, 2008 that China has built a 5,000km (or 3,000-mile) missile complex under a mountain range. If a few mountains contain 30 silos, imagine how many silos are hidden along 5,000km.



6. China has four Type 094 Jin-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBN). Each Type 094 SSBN carries 12 JL-2 SLBMs (submarine-launched ballistic missiles). Since the Julang-2 is based on DF-31 technology, we will follow Jane Defence's report that the JL-2 is MIRVed with 3 or 4 warheads. Using our standard 3 MIRVs for a DF-31A or JL-2 missile, we arrive at 144 warheads (e.g. 4 Type 094 SSBNs x 12 JL-2s per SSBN x 3 MIRVs per JL-2).

Therefore, China's four Type 094 SSBNs carry a total of 144 JL-2 warheads that can strike portions of the United States.

Here, we see two Type 094 Jin-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBN). Two more SSBNs for a total of four Type 094 Jin-class SSBNs seem perfectly reasonable.

[gnak]

suryakiran, on 12 March 2012 - 11:18 PM, said:

Hello,

The assumption, you make, is that a government will risk receiving a nuclear strike. This in itself is flawed. If you believe, that let's say, even 10 nukes will take out only 1 city, I cannot argue further. Even, if you believe, that the minimum Indian arsenal is at 50 nukes, then that's not one city. By the way, Fat man was 21 kt and Little boy was 15kt or so. According to the argument presented, they are 'small'. I guess, they do the job :-).

The Indian doctrine on this topic is quite clear. Unacceptable damage to any opponent in case of a nuclear strike against us. A nuclear strike on 15 to 20 Chinese cities is unacceptable to the Chinese government. Or are you saying the Chinese are ready to sacrifice 20 cities?

Cheers!

lol u are forgeting ww2 japanese cities were mainly made of wood buildings

i check the blast damage radius of the nuking on the 2 japanese cities something like 1-2km radius is high damage 2-3km moderate damage 3+km light or no damage

remember this is on a city of mainly wooden buildings 70 yrs ago, quite the opposite today (dun forget alot of cities these days have subways very good place to hide from low yield nukes)

btw theres a building in hiroshima called "genbaku dome" right in the epicenter and still standing it was one of the few buildings in the city not made from wood

just to some info on modern nuclear warfare on large cities eg "london would be nuked up to 30 times with over a third of them being ground explosions with medium and large size nukes"

i dun know how to define medium or large size nukes assuming anything 100-300kt is medium and over 400kt is large

[Martian]

Chinese 3.3 megaton IRBM would erase New Delhi. Indian 20kt warhead is a mere pinprick.

http://meyerweb.com/...,40.7223&yd=100


A single 3.3 megaton DF-3A strike by China would instantly vaporize New Delhi.


An Indian 20 kiloton blast on New Delhi is hardly noticeable.

[gnak]

Martian, on 13 March 2012 - 01:39 AM, said:

Under your best case scenario, which is highly debatable, China suffers partial damage to 20 cities. This is unlikely for many reasons. Firstly, China has proven mid-course ground-based-interceptors (GBI). Secondly, China has conventional anti-ballistic missile defense. Thirdly, China is most likely to possess Nike Hercules-class nuclear anti-missile missiles.

It is entirely possible that no Indian missile will penetrate China's layered defense. Even if one Indian atomic missile gets through, China has nuclear bunkers under its major cities. The civilian casualty should be limited.

However, the second that an Indian atomic ballistic missile crosses the Himalayan border, Indian civilization has just committed suicide. Unless you are advocating Indian self-induced extermination, no Indian ballistic missile will dare to cross the Chinese border.

If China decides to unload its thermonuclear arsenal on India, there won't be a single survivor. You cannot deter China with one megaton of atomic weaponry. That is the simple truth.

India is an embryonic atomic nuclear power. China is a mature thermonuclear power since 1967. It is ridiculous to claim that India can deter China with mutually assured destruction with one megaton against at least 294 Chinese megatons.

Without using its ICBM force, China can eradicate all of India with its 50+ launch pads for IRBM (intermediate range ballistic missile) thermonuclear missiles in Tibet. This has been true for decades.

i dun think china stop all indian missiles reaching china if they launched them all simultaneous not all missiles will be nuclear armed some will just have high explosive or deadly gas

no single survivor lol thats even more laughable than china stopping every indian missile, and if china pisses away all its nukes on india it has nothing left to defend itself with agianst USA or russia, france etc...

Martian, on 13 March 2012 - 02:12 AM, said:

Chinese 3.3 megaton IRBM would erase New Delhi. Indian 20kt warhead is a mere pinprick.

china's largest test a 4mt hydrogen bomb air dropped from a H-6 bomber same as the 3.3mt first hydrogen bomb

no reason to assume they could fit something of that magnitude on a IRBM

[suryakiran]

Hello,

Let's not get into things like most likely we have this and we have 'proven' system while the rest are bad. No BMD today guarantees you, not even the Americans.

Just accept the fact that, China will not risk a nuclear war with India fearing retaliation. Conventional maybe, nuclear, best of luck. All the bravado of how great the Chinese BMD is of no use. If the Chinese government were so confident, things would have already happened. Ground reality says, status quo exists. One nuclear strike against Indian territory will do the same thing for China. And please do not be under the false notion that all the data published by Indian military is what is real.

Cheers!

[suryakiran]

Martian, on 13 March 2012 - 02:12 AM, said:

Chinese 3.3 megaton IRBM would erase New Delhi. Indian 20kt warhead is a mere pinprick.

http://meyerweb.com/...,40.7223&yd=100


A single 3.3 megaton DF-3A strike by China would instantly vaporize New Delhi.


An Indian 20 kiloton blast on New Delhi is hardly noticeable.

Actually you need to do that 20 kt over your cities. I can assure you, I am not ok with even a 1 kt explosion over my country. If you are ok saying, we can take one on us, you really have no idea what a nuke means.

[gnak]

suryakiran, on 13 March 2012 - 02:31 AM, said:

Just accept the fact that, China will not risk a nuclear war with India fearing retaliation. Conventional maybe, nuclear, best of luck.

Cheers!

back in 2005 a chinese general said china would nuke LA if america intervenes in any conflict over taiwan

and was perpared to loose all its cities east of xian in a american retaliation (mmmmm big loss for little gain)

chinese are known to be problematic gamblers

[Martian]

gnak, on 13 March 2012 - 02:29 AM, said:

i dun think china stop all indian missiles reaching china if they launched them all simultaneous not all missiles will be nuclear armed some will just have high explosive or deadly gas

no single survivor lol thats even more laughable than china stopping every indian missile, and if china pisses away all its nukes on india it has nothing left to defend itself with agianst USA or russia, france etc...

china's largest test a 4mt hydrogen bomb air dropped from a H-6 bomber same as the 3.3mt first hydrogen bomb

no reason to assume they could fit something of that magnitude on a IRBM

China does not need to use its ICBM deterrent. China's IRBMs are plenty to annihilate all of India. For your information, I have already identified Chinese DF-3A IRBM with 3.3 megaton warhead (see post #1391).


DF-3A/CSS-2 IRBM with 3.3 megaton warhead

Citation:

http://books.google....megaton&f=false

"Brahma Chellaney, Centre for Policy Research (New Delhi, India) - 1999 - History - 612 pages
China's missile choices against India include the DF 3 and DF 3A, armed with a 3.3-megaton thermonuclear warhead and capable of hitting targets up to 2800 ..."

----------

Regarding the delusional Indian guy, try reading about mutually assured destruction (MAD). You Indians are the only ones who believe that a collective one megaton Indian atomic arsenal qualifies as MAD against China's 294 megatons of thermonuclear firepower. You can also believe in Santa Claus if you want.

Try educating yourself. India does not qualify for MAD against China by a mile.

http://en.wikipedia....red_destruction

"Mutual Assured Destruction, or mutually assured destruction (MAD), is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two opposing sides would effectively result in the complete, utter and irrevocable annihilation of both the attacker and the defender,^[1]"

[suryakiran]

Hello,

Do read what was written. "Unacceptable damage". If you are able to find MAD anywhere in my statements, point them out. Just accept it that Chinese will not launch because India will retaliate. All the BMDs in the world cannot guarantee a 100% success rate. If you could you would have attacked by now. You cant, thats why you wont.

Cheers!

[Martian]

suryakiran, on 13 March 2012 - 03:35 AM, said:

Hello,

Do read what was written. "Unacceptable damage". If you are able to find MAD anywhere in my statements, point them out. Just accept it that Chinese will not launch because India will retaliate. All the BMDs in the world cannot guarantee a 100% success rate. If you could you would have attacked by now. You cant, thats why you wont.

Cheers!

One megaton counts as unacceptable damage? Where did you get that crazy idea?

One megaton can only destroy a single Chinese city. If you spread out the damage, the collective total is still one city destroyed.

If China decides to enter into a war with India, do you seriously believe that China will not fight because one city might be destroyed? That's a laugh. The loss of one Chinese city for the elimination of all 1.2 billion Indians on the subcontinent? A PLA general will take that exchange any day. I know I would.

We cannot commit genocide and wipe out annoying Indians in a first strike. However, if you launch any ballistic missile at a Chinese city then we can claim self-defense. India will disappear in a multitude of Chinese thermonuclear mushroom clouds. If you give us the opportunity, we will indeed eradicate you.

[suryakiran]

Martian, on 13 March 2012 - 03:39 AM, said:

One megaton counts as unacceptable damage? Where did you get that crazy idea?

One megaton can only destroy a single Chinese city. If you spread out the damage, the collective total is still one city destroyed.

If China decides to enter into a war with India, do you seriously believe that China will not fight because one city might be destroyed? That's a laugh. The loss of one Chinese city for the elimination of all 1.2 billion Indians on the subcontinent? A PLA general will take that exchange any day. I know I would.

We cannot commit genocide and wipe out annoying Indians in a first strike. However, if you launch any ballistic missile at a Chinese city then we can claim self-defense. India will disappear in a multitude of Chinese thermonuclear mushroom clouds. If you give us the opportunity, we will indeed eradicate you.

You just turned around my statement, proving what I said, since you do not have any other basis for debate. If it was acceptable damage, Chinese flag would be in Arunachal Pradesh. Last I saw, Chinese are still freting and fuming and we have held elections and politicians visiting there. Dalai Lama still stays in India. What happened? Chinese to Chinese invincilibity? Just happens that the Chinese government is sane. And thank you for having pity on us. No more replies from me on this topic.